Words similar to chk
Example sentences for: chk
How can you use “chk” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In fission yeast, the checkpoint rad +genes ( hus1 +, rad1 +, rad3 +, rad9 +, rad17 +and rad26 +) and chk1 +manage the sensing and transducing operations of the DNA damage checkpoint [ 1 16 ] . Current data suggest that the Rad26/Rad3-kinase complex initially senses DNA damage by an unknown mechanism [ 17 ] . This response leads to an increase in the kinase activity of the complex [ 18 ] , which phosphorylates and activates the transducing protein kinase, Chk1 [ 19 ] . Finally, Chk1 delays mitotic entry by targeting Cdc25 and Wee1, regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase activity [ 20 21 22 ] .
Hus1, Rad1, Rad9 and Rad17 facilitate Rad26/Rad3-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1.
For instance, they are dispensable for DNA damage-dependent activation of the Rad26/Rad3-kinase complex [ 18 ] , but are required for the Rad3-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1 [ 23 ] . Structural predictions of Hus1, Rad1 and Rad9 have led to the proposal that all three fold similarly to the subunits of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) [ 24 25 26 ] . Consistent with these predictions, PCNA exists as a homotrimer [ 27 ] while Hus1, Rad1 and Rad9 all interact and possibly form a heterotrimer [ 25 28 ] . In addition, Rad17 has sequence similarity and physical interactions with subunits of Replication Factor C (RFC) [ 29 30 ] . Based on the RFC-PCNA paradigm, the Rad17-RFC complex may load the PCNA-like Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex onto genomic lesions discovered by the Rad26/Rad3 complex.
In addition, ATM phosphorylates and activates chk2 kinase [ 12].
While phosphorylation of serines 15 and 20 of p53 are clearly dependent on the ATM and chk2 protein kinases [ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14], the kinases responsible for phosphorylation of the remaining serine residues in vivo is not clear.
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