Words similar to chk
Example sentences for: chk
How can you use “chk” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
For instance, they are dispensable for DNA damage-dependent activation of the Rad26/Rad3-kinase complex [ 18 ] , but are required for the Rad3-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1 [ 23 ] . Structural predictions of Hus1, Rad1 and Rad9 have led to the proposal that all three fold similarly to the subunits of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) [ 24 25 26 ] . Consistent with these predictions, PCNA exists as a homotrimer [ 27 ] while Hus1, Rad1 and Rad9 all interact and possibly form a heterotrimer [ 25 28 ] . In addition, Rad17 has sequence similarity and physical interactions with subunits of Replication Factor C (RFC) [ 29 30 ] . Based on the RFC-PCNA paradigm, the Rad17-RFC complex may load the PCNA-like Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex onto genomic lesions discovered by the Rad26/Rad3 complex.
These target proteins include the c-Abl tyrosine kinase, the p53 tumor suppressor, the Chk1 and Chk2 serine/threoine kinase, the p34 subunit of replication protein A (RPA), Chk1 serine/threoine kinase and NBS1 kinase which is mutated in human autosomal recessive disease Nijmegan breakage syndrome [ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . Clinical characteristics of AT patients include hypersensitivity to irradiation, thymic dysplasia, immune defects and higher tendency to develop malignant tumor, suggesting that ATM function is critical in DNA damage repair and tumor suppression.
Hus1, Rad1, Rad9 and Rad17 facilitate Rad26/Rad3-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1.
Viewing the most defining proteins with altered expression, it is clearly reflective of increased apoptosis (increased Chk1, Caspase 6, E2F1), decreased cell proliferation and branching (decreased GR), and, interestingly, increased expression of diverse signal transduction pathways (Ras/Raf/ERK, JNK) to compensate for the proapoptotic signal.
Activated chk2 can then directly phosphorylate serine 20 of p53 [ 13, 14].
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