Words similar to carbohydrate
Example sentences for: carbohydrate
How can you use “carbohydrate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins is universally catalyzed by protein phosphatases that are classified into two major functional groups, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and protein serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) although enzymes with various degrees of dual-specificity are also encountered [ 1 2 3 4 5 ] . The majority of Ser/Thr phosphatases belong to three classical groups, namely PP1, PP2A, and PP2B (calcineurin), and possess similar primary structures in their catalytic cores [ 2 3 6 ] . PP1, in particular, exhibits an extremely high degree of sequence conservation through evolution, and its orthologs and isoforms are found in all eukaryotic cells [ 6 7 ] . In various organisms, PP1 regulates such diverse cellular processes as cell cycle progression, protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, transcription, and neuronal signaling [ 3 7 ] , underscoring its profound importance in biology.
These effects include stimulating the secretion of growth hormone, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, and a diabetogenic effect on carbohydrate metabolism [6].
In response to glucose, transcription of several glycolytic and lipogenic genes are activated through the glucose/carbohydrate/insulin response element (GIRE, ChoRE or IRE) [ 3 4 ] . Upstream stimulatory factors (USF) 1 and 2 are characterized by a basic/helix loop helix/leucine zipper domain responsible for dimerization and DNA binding, and are major components of the GIRE complex [ 5 6 7 8 ] .
However, it is likely that carbohydrate and protein may differentially alter nutrient-sensing pathways such as Sir2 and mammalian target of rapomyocin (mTOR), which are gaining acceptance as mediators of the life-span extension effects of CR [16].
Thus, from this study it can be implied that restricting carbohydrate is less advantageous than restricting protein/lipid for mediating the effects of dietary restriction (DR) on life span.
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