Words similar to cap-dependent
Example sentences for: cap-dependent
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A novel finding of the experiments above is that synthesis of endogenous p27 Kip1is enhanced under conditions that are expected to reduce cap-dependent translation.
To test this, a 472 nucleotide fragment, representing the full-length human p27 Kip15'-UTR derived from transcription initiation at the major start site, was inserted into the bicistronic expression vector pGL2CAT/Luc [ 30 ] . In this vector, the first cistron, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), is proximal to the mRNA's cap structure and therefore expected to be translated by the conventional cap-dependent translation mode.
IRES entirely contained within a translated ORF has been shown in the MMLV gag [ 47 ] , and host mRNA encoding p110 PITSLREand p58 PITSLRE [ 48 ] . Along these lines, cap-dependent translation may be cell cycle regulated, especially when cells are arrested at the G2 phase of the cell cycle, where the cap-dependent translation of most cellular host cell mRNAs is inhibited [ 49 50 51 ] .
eIF4E gene transcription is enhanced in response to mitogenic stimulation and may be mediated by c-myc [ 3 ] . Phosphorylation of eIF4E by the protein kinase Mnk1 increases its affinity for the cap, and thus increases cap-dependent initiation of translation [ 4 5 6 ] . An inhibitor of eIF4E, 4E binding protein (4EBP), is also regulated by phosphorylation.
Since, the TAR is located at the 5' end of all HIV-1 RNA transcripts and the presence of secondary structure at or near the 5' end of RNAs reduces the accessibility of the 5' cap to eIF4F, it is thought that this feature of HIV-1 mRNAs can inhibit their cap-dependent translation [ 44 45 46 ] . Therefore, a possible function of the HIV-1 gag IRES might be to serve as a mechanism to bypass the structural barriers to cap-dependent translation by recruiting ribosomes easily and directly to the gag ORFs.
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