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Example sentences for: camkii

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The Wnt/Ca 2+pathway has been shown to increase intracellular Ca 2+levels in zebrafish embryos [ 4 ] and to activate PKC and CamKII in Xenopus embryos [ 5 6 ] as well as in human melanomas [ 7 ] . Moreover, it may activate Cdc42 [ 8 ] and JNK [ 9 ] . It is important to emphasize that whether Wnts activate distinct responses and likely pathways is context-dependent, and thus in other contexts a given Wnt may activate another pathway.
Because CaMKII expression/activity is up-regulated in the rdta retina [ 34] and because GluR1 is a substrate of CaMKII [ 36, 37, 38, 39, 40], the increased phosphorylation of GluR1 seen here in the retinal synapses of the rdta mice could indicate a synergy between CaMKII and GluR1.
To determine if GluR1 phosphorylation by CaMKII in vivo is altered in the rdta retina, the SPM proteins of the rdta retina and their littermate controls are back phosphorylated by endogenous CaMKII in the presence of Ca 2+/CaM (1 mM CaCl 2 and 0.02 mg/ml calmodulin).
The activation of CaMKII then catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMPA-receptors and enhances AMPA receptor responsiveness [ 37, 39, 40, 60].
Some types of synaptic plasticity, such as LTP, require activation of the NMDA receptor, postsynaptic Ca 2+ion influx with concomitant activation of CaMKII [ 63].