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Example sentences for: butait
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The purified ButaIT was reduced and carboxymethylated by incubating in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, 0.1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 1 mM EDTA and 20 mM dithiothreitol for 1 hr at 37°C.
The neurotoxin P2 (35 ammo acids), another short toxin and a structural homologue of short insectotoxin II and 15, shows toxicity towards Sarcophaga falculata and crustaceans [ 26 ] . Chlorotoxin, isolated from Leiurus quinquestriatus haebraeus, shows Cl -channel-blocking activity and causes paralysis due to the inhibition of structurally related anion channels such as the extrajunctional channels of arthropod muscles [ 11 ] . It has also been reported that the short insectotoxin I5A may act on a "glutamate receptor of the postsynaptic membrane" [ 22 ] . Although no specific experimental evidence is available on the mode of action of ButaIT, it is assumed that ButaIT exerts similar ion channel blocking activity as that of other short insect toxins.
A structure model of ButaIT, generated from the Swiss-model protein modeling server based on the structural coordinates of chlorotoxin [ 38 ] and insectotoxin I5A [ 22 ] showed that ButaIT adopts a typical core structure of scorpion toxins primarily composed of one α-helix and three β-strands with four disulfide bridges, a feature similar to other toxins of similar size that act on K +and Cl -channels [ 17 31 34 38 ] . It is also evident from the data that disulfide bridge formation in ButaIT likely follows a common motif, with covalent links between cysl6-cys32, cys5-cys27, cys20-cys34 and an additional disulfide bridge between cys2 and cys 19 which cross-links the N-terminal strand of the β-sheet to the α-helix.
The amino acid sequence of ButaIT was submitted to Swiss-Model Protein modeling server (Guex and Peitsch, 1997; Peitsch, 1995; Peitsch, 1996; Preitsch and Guex, 1997) and the three dimensional model structure was extracted as PDB file based on the NMR coordinates of apparently homologous scorpion toxins such as chlorotoxin (PDB entry : 1Chl.pdb) and insectotoxin I5A (PDB entry: 1SIS.pdb).
Considering the high degree of sequence similarity, it is presumed that ButaIT will have a similar 3-D structure to that of other short toxins.
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