Words similar to avirulent
Example sentences for: avirulent
How can you use “avirulent” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
By the same sets of criteria described above for studying the difference between wild-type and actA infections, we examined whether there were any genes reproducibly induced by cytoplasmic bacteria (wild-type or actA ) but not by the avirulent organism ( prfA ). In this dataset, no genes passed these criteria during the first 4 hours of infection.
The data is presented in Figure 3. At the one day time point, the double mutant showed significant impairment in PR-5 induction relative to wild type in response to either avirulent bacterial strain (Student's t test, P < 0.05).
Thus, the CFU ratios were approximately 10:1, and 1:1 or 1:10 avirulent:tumorigenic strain.
The goals of this work were twofold: to use cDNA microarrays to characterize the primary response of intestinal epithelial cells to a well-studied intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes , and to try to identify host gene-expression programs which are induced by specific stages of the infection by comparing the wild-type expression profile to that of mutants which are either incapable of intracellular growth and thus avirulent, or which cannot initiate actin polymerization in host cell cytoplasm.
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