Words similar to avirulent
Example sentences for: avirulent
How can you use “avirulent” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The other pathway stems from SA accumulation and signals through NPR1 . By contrast, PR-5 induction by avirulent bacteria involves at least two additional pathways that also act in an additive fashion.
We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
By the same sets of criteria described above for studying the difference between wild-type and actA infections, we examined whether there were any genes reproducibly induced by cytoplasmic bacteria (wild-type or actA ) but not by the avirulent organism ( prfA ). In this dataset, no genes passed these criteria during the first 4 hours of infection.
The avirulent bacterial strain of P. syringae expressing the avrRpm1 gene elicits a marked HR in Col-0 plants, whereas the P. parasitica strain Emwa elicits a microscopic HR.
As all strains of A. vitis tested were sensitive to TFX both in this work and in a previous study [ 12 ] , experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of a TFX-producing, avirulent strain of A. vitis in the prevention of crown gall caused a three strains of A. vitis.
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