Words similar to alkylating
Example sentences for: alkylating
How can you use “alkylating” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
On the basis of the preferential specificity of AlkB-dependent repair for ssDNA and for SN2 as opposed to SN1 alkylating agents, it has been proposed that its targets include modified bases such as N 1-methyladenine and N 3-methylcytosine [ 18].
3 region to which RASSF1A maps undergoes deletions in many solid tumor types, including GCTs [ 9 ] . RASSF1A encodes a splice variant of human RAS effector homologue, which interacts with the XPA protein and functions as a negative regulator of cell growth [ 16 17 ] . RASSF1A has been shown to be inactivated by promoter methylation in a variety of tumor types [ 16 17 18 19 ] . The 17q21 and 17p13 regions, to which BRCA1 and HIC1 map, respectively, also have been characterized by high frequency of LOH in GCT [ 9 ] . The BRCA 1 gene plays critical roles in DNA repair and recombination, cell cycle checkpoint control, and transcription and has been shown to be hypermethylated in breast-ovarian cancer [ 4 ] . The HIC1 gene is also often hypermethylated in many human cancers [ 20 21 22 ] . The DNA repair gene MGMT encodes O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and this enzyme effectively removes DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents [ 23 ] . Epigenetic inactivation of the MGMT gene was reported in a wide variety of cancers [ 24 25 ] . Also, a low frequency of methylation of the APC , RARB , and FHIT genes was detected in NSGCTs.
The prodrug TLK286 [γ-glutamyl-α-amino-β(2-ethyl-N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate)-sulfonyl-propionyl-(R)-(-)phenylglycine] is activated by glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1 and to a lesser degree A1-1 and generates tetrakis chloroethyl alkylating moieties that can react with cellular nucleophiles.
Given the presence of RNA methylases that could modify RNA in a similar way as the alkylating agents the function of the uncharacterized AlkB-like proteins could be to reverse such modifications.
Epigenetic gene silencing of the MGMT confers enhanced sensitivity to alkylating agents in cancer [ 24 25 ] . Lack of methylation, on the other hand, associates with high-risk of death [ 25 26 ] . It has been suggested that the high-levels of MGMT proteins contribute to a drug-resistant phenotype [ 27 ] . More than 90% of newly diagnosed GCTs and 70-80% of patients who present metastatic disease are cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy [ 28 ] . However, 20-30% of the patients with metastatic disease exhibit resistance to the cisplatin curative regimen leading to high mortality in this group.
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