Words similar to alkylating
Example sentences for: alkylating
How can you use “alkylating” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
MGMT gene encodes O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and this enzyme effectively removes DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents [ 33 ] . Epigenetic gene silencing of MGMT confers enhanced sensitivity to alkylating-based chemotherapy, and lack of methylation associates with failure to respond to chemotherapy [ 34 35 ] . On the contrary, all patients that had MGMT promoter methylation were dead within 21 months of initial diagnosis, which predicts a poor prognosis.
Our current observation that undetectable levels of MGMT gene expression in >95% of GCTs appears to suggest that the lack of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase enzyme may direct cells to undergo apoptosis due to failure of repair of DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents.
3 region to which RASSF1A maps undergoes deletions in many solid tumor types, including GCTs [ 9 ] . RASSF1A encodes a splice variant of human RAS effector homologue, which interacts with the XPA protein and functions as a negative regulator of cell growth [ 16 17 ] . RASSF1A has been shown to be inactivated by promoter methylation in a variety of tumor types [ 16 17 18 19 ] . The 17q21 and 17p13 regions, to which BRCA1 and HIC1 map, respectively, also have been characterized by high frequency of LOH in GCT [ 9 ] . The BRCA 1 gene plays critical roles in DNA repair and recombination, cell cycle checkpoint control, and transcription and has been shown to be hypermethylated in breast-ovarian cancer [ 4 ] . The HIC1 gene is also often hypermethylated in many human cancers [ 20 21 22 ] . The DNA repair gene MGMT encodes O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and this enzyme effectively removes DNA adducts formed by alkylating agents [ 23 ] . Epigenetic inactivation of the MGMT gene was reported in a wide variety of cancers [ 24 25 ] . Also, a low frequency of methylation of the APC , RARB , and FHIT genes was detected in NSGCTs.
The prodrug TLK286 [γ-glutamyl-α-amino-β(2-ethyl-N,N,N,N-tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate)-sulfonyl-propionyl-(R)-(-)phenylglycine] is activated by glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1 and to a lesser degree A1-1 and generates tetrakis chloroethyl alkylating moieties that can react with cellular nucleophiles.
AlkB binds ssDNA and is required for the processing of toxic DNA modifications caused by SN2 alkylating agents such as methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) specifically on ssDNA.
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