Words similar to acr
Example sentences for: acr
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The Arr2 gene (or ACR2 [ 24 ] ) has been identified as coding for a protein necessary for arsenate resistance in yeast, and appears to have some homology to prokaryotic arsC genes.
E174 in ACR3 and S218 in ACR4 are required for catalytic function [ 12 ] . Substitution of H59 in ACR1 converted CD39 into an ADPase in a quaternary structure dependent manner [ 13 ] . Mutation of W187A in ACR3 affected CD39 folding and translocation, while mutation of W459A in ACR5 increased ATPase activity but diminished ADPase activity [ 14 ] . Mutations of D62 and G64 of ACR1 and D219 and G221 of ACR4 demonstrated that the nucleotide phosphate binding domains of NTPDases are similar to those present in the actin/heat shock protein/sugar kinase superfamily [ 15 ] . These results suggest that the conserved residues of the ACR1 to 5 regions are involved in the catalytic mechanism of CD39.
NTPDases do not form phosphorylated intermediates during catalysis, a conclusion also supported by lack of vanadate sensitivity and Pi product inhibition [ 3 4 5 6 ] . The catalytic reaction appears to be irreversible and no partial reactions have been observed [ 7 8 ] . Divalent cations like Ca 2+or Mg 2+are required for activity, and maximal activity is reached when the concentrations of substrates and divalent cations are equal [ 1 ] . The specific activities of NTPDases vary over a broad range from ten thousand units for potato apyrase to less than one hundred units for chicken gizzard ecto-ATPase [ 9 10 ] . Sequence comparisons indicate that most of NTPDases contain five highly conserved regions, apyrase conserved region, ACR1 - ACR5 [ 9 11 ] . However, the catalytic sites have not been identified, although ACR1 and ACR4 have been implicated in β- and γ-phosphate binding, respectively [ 9 ] .
ACR = American College of Rheumatology; CRP = C-reactive protein; DMARD = disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; IL = interleukin; NF = nuclear factor; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; rhIL-11 = recombinant human IL-11; TNF = tumor necrosis factor.
If a patient had met ACR criteria, but with follow up was unequivocally diagnosed as having another well-characterized rheumatic disease, this individual was not included in the definition of RA.
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