Words similar to waf
Example sentences for: waf
How can you use “waf” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In addition to mutations in the TGFβ 1 -receptors, in a large number of carcinomas disruptions of this signaling pathway by the alteration of a single protein such as p15 Ink4b, p16, and p21 Waf1are found [ 2 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ] . This may result in resistance to the growth-inhibiting action of TGFβ 1 .
In vivo studies have supported the conclusion that CBP/p300 are components of the hormonal-regulation of transcription in fibroblasts isolated from a p300-/- mouse; and loss of the p300 gene severely affects retinoic acid (RA)-dependent transcription [ 91 ] . In a separate study using hammerhead ribozymes that specifically cleave CBP or p300 mRNA, Kawasaki et al [ 92 ] reported that reduced cellular CBP or p300 levels resulted in compromised expression of endogenous RA-inducible genes such as p21/Waf1 and p27 cdk inhibitors.
SMAD4 (DPC4) is essential for this TGFβ 1 signaling and transcriptional activation process [ 16 ] . In epithelial cells, TGFβ 1 decreases c-myc, cdc2 and cyclin D1 expression, and it increases the expression of c-jun and c-fos [ 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . Activation of the TGFβ 1 signal pathway in epithelial cells leads to an increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitors p21 WAF1and p15 Ink4band to a release of formerly sequestered p27 KIP [ 24 25 26 ] . It is assumed that the cooperative action of these cell cycle inhibitors results in the growth arrest mentioned above, although p15 Ink4bdoes not seem to be necessary in this regard.
In contrast, preincubation with α V - and β 6 -blocking antibodies curbed the TGFβ 1 -induced regulation of p21/WAF1, p27, c-fos, and the p21Ras and ERK1/2 activation, verifying that the binding of TGFβ 1 to the α V β 6 integrin is a prerequisite for the activation of the signal pathway via the α V β 6 integrin.
Total RNA (20 μg) was isolated from various cells and ran on a 1% formaldehyde-agarose gel overnight at 75 V, transferred onto a 0.2 μm nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore Inc.), UV cross-linked, and hybridized overnight at 42°C with 32P-end-labeled 40 mer oligo probes including p21/Waf1, C-myc, Pro-thymosin, Actin, Tat, and Ubiquitin (Loftstrand, Gaithersburg, Md.).
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