Words similar to vsm
Example sentences for: vsm
How can you use “vsm” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Additionally, brain regions critical for diverse parameters of VSM (working vs. reference memory) were assayed to determine phytoestrogen, CALB and COX-2 levels.
Examining sexually dimorphic VSM, in animals fed the Phyto-600 diet, males acquired the maze in significantly fewer trials than females ( F (1,22) = 16.
Finally, the parallel tissue culture experiments (VSM samples) showed greater variability between duplicates, suggesting that tissue culture conditions may be more subject to variability than in vivo tissues (Fig.
Since reference memory is thought to be mediated in the frontal cortex and because males fed the Phyto-600 diet had decreased expression of CALB (a neuroprotectant factor) and increased COX-2 (an inflammatory factor prevalent in Alzheimer's disease) levels in this brain region compared to males fed the Phyto-free diet, these findings suggest that phytoestrogens, present in soy dietary sources, may alter VSM via there presence and action in the frontal cortex.
The available research regarding cognitive function and phytoestrogens suggests that large amounts of phytoestrogens, consumed as tofu, have an adverse influence on cognitive ability in men, where decreased brain weight, increased ventricular size and dementia have been reported [ 44 ] . In ovariectomized female rats, on the other hand, phytoestrogen treatments resulted in a dose-dependent improvement of VSM [ 45 ] . This improvement in cognitive ability in phytoestrogen treated females may be due in part to the increased presence of choline acetyltransferase messenger RNA in the frontal cortex, which has been shown to be associated with protection and enhancement of cognitive function [ 45 ] . Furthermore, we have shown that phytoestrogens significantly affect the brain calcium-binding protein calbindin (CALB), which acts as a buffer by binding intracellular calcium and plays an important role in mediating cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and neurotoxicity [ 48 49 50 51 52 ] . This neuroprotective mechanism via CALB appears to be important in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease [ 48 49 50 51 52 ] . Additionally, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) seems to play an important role in mediating functional neuronal maturation and responses to certain stimuli in the brain [ 53 54 55 ] . The expression of COX-2 is associated with key pathophysiologic events in Alzheimer's disease: deposition of beta-amyloid protein in neuritic plaques within the hippocampus and cortex [ 53 54 55 ] . Of particular importance to this study is the fact that COX-2 has been shown to be influenced by steroidal hormones [ 53 54 55 ] . Therefore, the expression of COX-2 in the frontal cortex may also be hormonally regulated and relevant to cognitive decline.
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