Words similar to viruses
Example sentences for: viruses
How can you use “viruses” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Virus infectivity can be enhanced by treatment of cells with MAPK stimulators, such as serum and phorbol myristate acetate, as well as by coexpression of constitutively activated Ras, Raf, or MEK in the absence of extracellular stimulation [ 61 ] . Also, following infection, efficient disengagement of the reverse transcription complex from the cell membrane and subsequent nuclear translocation, requires phosphorylation of the reverse transcription complex components by ERK/MAPK; demonstrating a critical regulation of an early step in HIV-1 infection by the host cell MAPK signal transduction pathway [ 62 ] . Therefore, Tat down-regulation of the MAPK pathway in latent cells implies that much of the host signal transductions connected to activation are down-regulated, and at the same time, these cells may be refractory to subsequent infection by other viruses.
In rodents, intravenous injection of a non-targeted vector - viruses or plasmid preparations - induces mainly transfection in the liver and the spleen [ 1 2 ] . As of today, transfection of other large organs by viral vectors has not been accomplished in by way of systemic delivery [ 3 ] . The main inconveniences of intravenous administration of first generation adenoviral vectors are their immunogenicity [ 4 ] and hepatic toxicity [ 5 6 ] . The muscle as a large tissue mass is a candidate for production of recombinant protein, but the transfection is limited to the injection site.
The DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (DDRPs) involved in the transcription of cellular and DNA viral genes, primases, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRPs) of RNA viruses and cellular PTGS systems are template-dependent polymerases.
Like the KilA-N domains that are mainly associated with DNA viruses, the LAGLIDADG endonucleases are predominantly encoded by mobile genetic elements [ 31].
Transgene PTGS thus tapped into a preexisting natural mechanism for combating viruses.
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