Words similar to viruses
Example sentences for: viruses
How can you use “viruses” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The use of two immunohistochemically distinguishable viruses allows one to detect central nervous system neurons, within a single tissue section, that were labeled by both viruses and therefore to examine the possibility of interactions between the two organs that have been injected.
RNA viruses form highly polymorphic clouds of mutants, so-called quasispecies [ 1 2 3 ] . At viral loads of 10 8or more virions in an infected host, viral quasispecies in vivo often contain all possible single-point mutants from the consensus sequence, as well as a sizeable fraction of two- or three-point mutants [ 4 ] . Besides their importance as pathogens, RNA viruses have in recent years also become one of the main tools for experimental verification of theoretical population genetics and evolutionary theory in general (reviewed in [ 3 ] ). This line of research can draw on a substantial body of literature on the theory of quasispecies dynamics and its relation to standard population genetics [ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ] .
Intriguingly, researchers designing new antiviral drugs have also begun to realise that forcing viruses into this sort of ‘error catastrophe’ might be an effective way to treat them (Figure 2).
Cortical astrocytes were harvested from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and infected with a replication-defective retrovirus encoding Tag and neomycin resistance as previously described [ 13 ] . The transferred viruses were SV40-6 [ 5 ] , in which wild type Tag is expressed from the M-MuLV LTR promoter; SV(X)T K1, which is constructed the same as SV40-6 except that the Tag is mutant [ 38 ] and defective for binding the retinoblastoma protein family [ 39 ] ; Linker-tkT, in which the cDNA for Tag is expressed from the herpes simplex 1 tk promoter [ 11 ] . The differentiation and transformation phenotypes of the cell lines utilizing the M-MuLV LTR promoter have been described [ 6 13 ] . The Linker-tkT lines (tkT) were either isolated as clones after G418 selection (as previously described) [ 6 ] or frozen immediately after selection (pooled clones) and clonally selected at a later time.
The ubiquity of RNA viruses hints that our genomes might also contain an innate, yet highly adapted, defence system that targets this abundant class of pathogens by manipulating their mutation rate.
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