Words similar to vestibular
Example sentences for: vestibular
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1a), but larger than in BDNF or trkB null mutants of the same age [ 13 15 ] . The reduction in apparent size of the vestibular ganglia is in agreement with quantitative data published previously [ 3 13 ] . These data suggest a loss of 80-85% of vestibular sensory neurons in BDNF and trkB null mutants [ 13 ] and of 77% of vestibular sensory neurons in P4 Brn3c null mutants [ 3 ] . Thus, the size reduction in the vestibular sensory ganglion could be compatible with a loss of BDNF production in the immature hair cells.
Targeted null Brn3c mutants have no mature hair cells [ 1 2 ] . Close examination has revealed that some 'immature' hair cells form in Brn3c null mutants and express cellular markers such as Myosin VI and VIIa, calretinin and parvalbumin [ 3 ] . Furthermore, these immature hair cells of Brn3c null mutants undergo apoptosis in neonates [ 3 ] . Consistent with an apparent absence of mature hair cells, initial work suggested that all vestibular and most spiral ganglion cells are lost by postnatal day 14 (P14; [ 1 ] ). However, more detailed quantification by others [ 3 ] reported that at P4 about 77% of vestibular neurons and only 29% of spiral neurons are lost.
Two organ systems - the gastric lining of the GI tract, and the area postrema (the chemoreceptor trigger zone), the vestibular apparatus, and the cortex of the brain are important contributors [ 54 ] .
Moreover, recent work shows that in embryos NT-3 is primarily expressed in supporting cells, moving only around birth into hair cells [ 6 7 ] . In fact, the selective loss of vestibular as compared to cochlear sensory neurons (77% versus 29%; [ 3 ] ) suggests that NT-3 expression may be less downregulated in Brn3c null mutants than BDNF [ 6 8 9 ] , provided that at least some differentiation of supporting cells takes place.
In contrast, more immature hair cells are found in the appropriate position of hair cells in the vestibular endorgans (Table 1).
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