Words similar to ventilatory
Example sentences for: ventilatory
How can you use “ventilatory” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is an important component of the ventilatory management of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Baseline measurements were made following a 1 h steady state of conventional mechanical ventilation using the following ventilatory settings: FiO 2 0.85, PEEP 10 cmH 2 O, inspiratory time 30%, respiratory frequency 16 ± 2 bpm, V T 728 ± 32 ml.
However, at analgesic doses, opioid receptor agonists or partial agonists can induce unwanted side effects such as ventilatory depression [ 1 2 ] and the development of physical tolerance and dependence [ 3 4 ] . Thus, the search for opioid ligands which possess analgesic effect and lack untoward effects has been a sought after goal of the medical community.
Prior studies have shown variability in the use of therapeutic modalities (including PACs, ventilator, and intravenous vasoactive and inotropic agents) among ICU patients [ 21 27 ] and different impacts on outcomes and use of hospital resources associated with these treatments [ 16 17 18 28 29 ] . In general, with the exception of the recent trial demonstrating benefit of early goal-directed treatment involving oxygenation (including ventilatory support if necessary) and blood pressure (including intravenous pressors if necessary) [ 30 ] , few data are available that demonstrate that these modalities improve outcomes.
Our data clearly show that nalbuphine is a potent agonist at the μ opioid receptor with an efficacy similar to that of morphine, thus agreeing with in vivo data showing that morphine and nalbuphine are equally potent as analgesics [ 33 ] . However, other reports have described nalbuphine as a "mixed agonist/antagonist" with agonism at κ opioid receptors and antagonism at μ opioid receptors based on in vivo data [ 11 33 ] . This categorization is likely due to the fact that nalbuphine has been shown to reduce the ventilatory depressant effect of other opioids, while adding to their analgesic effect [ 33 ] . Nalbuphine is also used clinically to reduce the opioid-mediated side effects such as itching, without completely reversing the analgesic effects of the full agonists [ 34 35 36 ] . According to our data, although nalbuphine is clearly a potent agonist at μ receptors, its levels of agonism is significantly lower than the very efficacious drug fentanyl and the endogenous ligand β-endorphin.
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