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Example sentences for: usf
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Among genes that are stimulated by FSH/cAMP during the period of maturation of Sertoli cells (15 to 20 days of age in rats), are several subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), the serine/threonine kinase mainly responsible for the downstream effects of FSH [ 15 ] . Expression of the RIIβ regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is highly induced (50-fold) at the mRNA level in primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells as a late response to cAMP peaking at 12 hours [ 16 ] . We have demonstrated that expression of CAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is induced by cAMP with rapid kinetics in Sertoli cells, and that C/EBPβ is responsible for induction of late response genes like the RIIβ-gene [ 17 ] . The RIIβ promoter contains a conserved E-box/HLH element in the basal promoter localized at -280 to -275 relative to the functional ATG [ 18 ] . This element is shown to be important for cAMP-responsiveness in granulosa cells, and it has been shown to bind both USF and Myc in CHO and NB2a cells [ 18 19 ] . In this work, we show that USF isoforms may regulate cAMP responsiveness of the RIIβ promoter by modulating the effect of C/EBP, and that the formation of USF isoforms may be regulated by cAMP in Sertoli cells.
Our present results indicate that USF2 disturbs this C/EBPβ-mediated transactivation of RIIβ.
The main USF isoforms USF1 (43 kDa) and USF2 (44 kDa) are ubiquitously expressed and encoded by separate genes [ 9 10 11 ] . In addition, more isoforms of USF2 are produced due to alternative splicing and utilization of different translation start sites [ 12 13 ] . USF factors exist as homo and heterodimers, and the heterodimer of USF1/USF2a seems to dominate, although there are cell-type specific variations [ 12 ] . USF1 and USF2 show different transactivating potential, and USF2 appears to be the functional transactivator of the GIRE complex, although both USF1 and USF2 are important for sustained dietary-induced expression of the fatty acid synthase gene in liver [ 14 ] .
For example, both upstream stimulating factor (USF; an E-box binding factor) and SREBP bind the FA synthase (Fasn) E-box [ 38 ] . Hepatic Usf2 transcription was significantly down regulated with FISH, but not affected by FUNG or the combination diet using microarrays, but this result could not fully be confirmed using RT-PCR (1.
The truncated USF complexes forming complexes III to IV were abolished in the presence of calpain inhibitor I (ALLN) (unpublished results).
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