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Example sentences for: usf
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The main USF isoforms USF1 (43 kDa) and USF2 (44 kDa) are ubiquitously expressed and encoded by separate genes [ 9 10 11 ] . In addition, more isoforms of USF2 are produced due to alternative splicing and utilization of different translation start sites [ 12 13 ] . USF factors exist as homo and heterodimers, and the heterodimer of USF1/USF2a seems to dominate, although there are cell-type specific variations [ 12 ] . USF1 and USF2 show different transactivating potential, and USF2 appears to be the functional transactivator of the GIRE complex, although both USF1 and USF2 are important for sustained dietary-induced expression of the fatty acid synthase gene in liver [ 14 ] .
Thus, this complex contained truncated USF2.
Co-transfecting USF1 had no significant effect on C/EBPβ-mediated induction, but USF2a (1:1, USF2a:C/EBPβ expression vectors) reduced induction by 60%, indicating that USF2a may interrupt the ability of C/EBPβ to transactivate the RIIβ promoter.
Among genes that are stimulated by FSH/cAMP during the period of maturation of Sertoli cells (15 to 20 days of age in rats), are several subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), the serine/threonine kinase mainly responsible for the downstream effects of FSH [ 15 ] . Expression of the RIIβ regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is highly induced (50-fold) at the mRNA level in primary cultures of rat Sertoli cells as a late response to cAMP peaking at 12 hours [ 16 ] . We have demonstrated that expression of CAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is induced by cAMP with rapid kinetics in Sertoli cells, and that C/EBPβ is responsible for induction of late response genes like the RIIβ-gene [ 17 ] . The RIIβ promoter contains a conserved E-box/HLH element in the basal promoter localized at -280 to -275 relative to the functional ATG [ 18 ] . This element is shown to be important for cAMP-responsiveness in granulosa cells, and it has been shown to bind both USF and Myc in CHO and NB2a cells [ 18 19 ] . In this work, we show that USF isoforms may regulate cAMP responsiveness of the RIIβ promoter by modulating the effect of C/EBP, and that the formation of USF isoforms may be regulated by cAMP in Sertoli cells.
It has recently been reported that USF is implicated in transcriptional activation of the 1a promoter of the RIα gene in skeletal muscle cells [ 38 ] . Regulating the relative levels of RIα versus RIIβ is physiologically important eg.
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