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Example sentences for: unexposed
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7 per thousand among unexposed (77 cases among 2222 unexposed) for a NNH of 16.
Initial reports of remarkably high prevalence of aortic and mitral regurgitation (AR and MR) as assessed by echocardiography in five separate populations [ 2 ] were subsequently supported by most [ 3 4 5 ] but not all investigators [ 6 ] . These uncontrolled reports were soon followed by a series of studies in which prevalence of echocardiographically-defined AR and MR were assessed in persons who had taken fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, phentermine, or combinations of these medications and compared to unexposed, matched control populations [ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ] . The most recent of these studies found 30% of persons currently taking fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine had mild or greater AR or moderate or greater MR, similar to the very high prevalence reported in older studies [ 15 ] . The only prospective study found a significant, exposure-related increase in the risk of clinically diagnosed valve disease among users of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, but not phentermine [ 16 ] .
Thus, the prevalence rate in the control (unexposed) group of each study was used to estimate the number of background cases expected in the exposed group(s).
Importantly, estimates of NNH as calculated by differences between exposed and unexposed prevalence rates, shown above, were very similar to NNH determined using differences between our estimated 9-month incidence rates in exposed and unexposed (NNH was 17 for AR and 108 for MR by this approach), further illustrating the internal consistency of our analysis.
For this analysis we have used the unexposed control groups for each study to provide such an estimate.
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