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Example sentences for: tyr
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Insulin receptor was immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies, collected with protein A sepharose, and incubated with polyGlu 4 Tyr 1 peptides (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) in the presence of [γ- 32P]-ATP [ 14 ] . After completion of the kinase reaction, the mix was centrifuged and the phospho-peptide-containing supernatant precipitated with 20% TCA (w/v).
It has been established that, to achieve its maximal transcriptional activity, STAT1 must be phosphorylated on both Tyr701 and Ser727 [ 32 ] . Phosphorylation of STAT1 on Ser727 occurs in response to LPS, UV irradiation and other agents that activate the p38MAPK pathway [ 33 ] . As phorbol esters can also stimulate the MAPK cascade through activation of PKC [ 34 ] , it is tempting to speculate that combined treatment of cells with PMA and IFNg could increase the pool of STAT1 molecules phosphorylated on both Tyr701 and Ser727.
Several signaling events, including the activation of Jak kinases 1 and 3 are shared among the 'common γ chain' cytokines [ 50 ] . Other signaling events, such as the activation of Shc, Gab2, SHP-2 and MAPK, are shared among IL-2 and 15, but not the other common γ chain cytokine receptors, and Tyr 388 of IL-2Rβ appears critical for these events [ 51 ] . Despite these signaling similarities, it is clear that the biological properties of IL-2 are unique among the common γ chain cytokines, as the other cytokines cannot compensate for IL-2 in the IL-2 knockout mouse [ 52 ] . In addition, IL-15 appears uniquely critical for the development of NK cells, as evidenced by the phenotypes of IL-15 [ 53 ] and IL-15R α [ 54 ] deficient mice.
To a lesser degree, the aromatic portion of Tyr228 must have an effect on the binding site as the K S value for nitrocefin binding to this mutant is decreased by a factor of 2; however, the hydroxyl group probably does not form a hydrogen bond to the substrate as proposed.
This binding site coincides with that of AChBP, and is in agreement with photo-affinity labeling and mutagenesis study [ 6 11 ] . The ligand makes Van der Waals contact with Trp182, Tyr230 and Cys225-226 of alpha4, and Trp82, Leu146 and Phe144 of beta2 (Figure 3- Top).
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