Words similar to trophic
Example sentences for: trophic
How can you use “trophic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Direct density dependence was slightly stronger at the middle trophic level (moose) than at the top or bottom levels, though none of the tests for differences between these coefficients was significant (Figure 3).
For example, upon intraventricular injection, 5-HT 2C agonists decrease the production of CSF [ 44 ] and in primary cultures of choroid plexus, 5-HT agonists increase the expression of transferrin [ 45 46 ] , an iron carrier protein which has trophic effects on the brain.
Based on the approach used in the development of previous bivariate population models [ 12 13 14 ] , we developed and applied a model testing for the direct influence of large-scale climate on the dynamics at individual trophic levels and interactions among levels (Figure 1).
To our knowledge, however, this study constitutes the first documentation of direct and simultaneous influences of large-scale climate on the dynamics at multiple trophic levels in a single system.
Early recognition of the contrast between the stabilizing influences of density-dependent population regulation, and potentially de-stabilizing influences of environmental variation [ 1 ] , laid a foundation for theoretical modeling of population stability in stochastic environments [ 2 ] that assumes renewed relevance in light of current developments in ecology and climate research [ 3 ] . Recently, for instance, numerous studies have documented the influences of global-scale climatic variation on the population dynamics of vertebrates in widely diverse ecosystems (see, e.g., [ 4 5 ] for reviews), including species interactions at the community level [ 6 7 8 ] . To our knowledge, however, no study has yet documented a simultaneous and direct influence of large-scale climate on the dynamics at all trophic levels in a single system.
Loading...