Words similar to trophic
Example sentences for: trophic
How can you use “trophic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
We used the full model framework (equations 4) to identify the most parsimonious model of the dynamics at each trophic level.
Experimental evidence from microcosm studies indicates that climatic change may alter community stability if individual populations composing the community exhibit weak density dependence, or if climate change influences interspecific interactions [ 33 ] . While we caution against drawing general conclusions from this analysis, our results suggest that climatic change has the potential to influence the stability of this community by altering the dynamics and stability at any single, or all three, of the individual trophic levels.
Quantifying the role of climatic variation in the dynamics at multiple trophic levels requires, however, a modeling framework that first accounts for the influence of interspecific and intrinsic processes on the dynamical structure at each level, so that the influence of intrinsic processes on the autoregressive (AR) structure of the time series data is not mistaken for a lagged influence of environmental stochasticity [ 11 ] .
Direct density dependence was slightly stronger at the middle trophic level (moose) than at the top or bottom levels, though none of the tests for differences between these coefficients was significant (Figure 3).
Experimental arthritis models have contributed to the basic understanding of joint disease and to the development of effective antiarthritic agents [ 19 ] . Several models have been used to mimic human RA, ranging from immunization with cartilage components to infection with joint trophic organisms [ 20 21 ] . Blocking TNF-α [ 6 22 ] or IL-1 [ 23 24 ] in these models has routinely shown benefit, although some questions remain regarding the role of these cytokines in mitigating joint inflammation versus preventing cartilage degradation and bone erosion [ 25 ] .
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