Words similar to tonoplast
Example sentences for: tonoplast
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Subjecting NaCl adapted cells to salt stress resulted in an approximately four fold increase in both proton transport and ATP hydrolysis on isolated membranes compared to unadapted cells [ 58 ] . Remarkably this increase in overall V-ATPase activity coincided with an apparent reduction in the amount of enzyme on the tonoplast.
Three enzymes are primarily responsible for the maintenance of proton flux across the tonoplast in plants, the vacuolar H +-ATPase, the H +pumping pyrophosphatase [ 48 ] and the Na +/H +antiporter [ 49 50 ] . All three enzymes have been implicated in allowing plants to cope with environmental stress conditions.
As cell-to-cell water movement is likely to be controlled by the permeabilities of the plasmalemmal and tonoplast membranes, the parameter corresponding to this permeability potentially provides a noninvasive measure of membrane water conductivities in intact tissue.
The catalytic subunit exists as two distinct genes with highly conserved exons and intron boundaries in twelve species of plants [ 25 ] . In the flowering plant Daucus carota (carrot) evidence exists for two distinct isoforms for the catalytic subunit, one of which is tonoplast specific while the other is localized to the Golgi [ 26 ] . In addition, two distinct mRNAs have been isolated from cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) [ 27 ] . Two subunit A mRNAs are expressed in the unicellular alga Acetabularia acetabulum [ 28 29 ] . Isoforms of other V-ATPase subunits are also known from plants including subunit B [ 27 30 32 ] , the proteolipid subunit [ 33 34 35 36 37 ] and subunits D and E [ 38 ] .
The original definition of the PIP and TIP subfamilies was their assumed location in the plasma membrane and tonoplast, respectively.
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