Words similar to toll-like
Example sentences for: toll-like
How can you use “toll-like” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
In addition, the genes activated by TCR, costimulatory receptors and IL-2 must be distinguished from those activated by IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, as well as the genes regulated by the Toll-like receptors (TLR), all of which have been identified as mediators of lymphocyte activation events that were previously ascribed to LAF.
We recently identified the Lps locus through positional cloning [ 10] and showed that the LPS-resistance phenotype was caused by defects in the Toll-like receptor 4 gene ( Tlr4 ) [ 11].
The absence of LPS-signal transducers (CD14, Toll-like receptor 4) on most lymphocytes relative to monocytes and neutrophils may account for this altered expression [ 42 43 ] . Since lymphocytes express TNF receptors and TNF itself can induce TTP mRNA expression [ 38 ] , these data are consistent with the interpretation that TTP induction in lymphocytes is transduced not by LPS binding, but by TNF produced by monocytes and/or neutrophils acting on lymphocytes.
The Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 are known to be present on a number of different human intestinal epithelial cells, including primary cells, H4 and Caco-2 cells [ 52, 53, 54].
The Toll-like receptor family [ 49], which has evolutionary roots throughout invertebrate metazoans for pattern-based recognition of bacterial and fungal cell-surface components [ 50], activate NFκB through convergent pathways involving the IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), the adaptor protein MyD88, TRAF6, NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK), and IκB kinase (Iκk) [ 51].
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