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Example sentences for: tachykinins
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Several inmunocytochemical, " in situ " hybridization and radioimmunoassay studies have demonstrated the distribution of tachykinins in the rat, the cat and the monkey CNS [ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 ] . In the human brainstem, the presence of SP has been widely studied [ 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ] . Moreover, in humans, the neurokinin B system has been studied in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and the hypothalamus [ 28 ] . However, no data are available in the literature concerning the distribution of neurokinin-immunoreactive structures in the human brainstem.
It is also known that the biological actions of NKA, NKB and SP are mediated by three receptors, named neurokinin (NK)-1, NK-2 and NK-3 [ 2 ] . Thus, the tachykinins have been implicated in several physiological actions such as salivation, the regulation of smooth muscle contraction, depolarization of central neurons, hyperactivity, interaction with dopaminergic A-10 neurons mediating behavioral activation, regulation of blood pressure, and the transmission of the baroreceptor reflex [ 3 4 5 6 7 ] . In addition, a loss of tachykinin-containing neurons has been described in neurodegenerative diseases [ 8 ] , suggesting that the decrease in the amount of tachykinins could be involved in these and other diseases [ 9 10 ] .
Thus, in the present work we attempted to study in detail the distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing neurokinin in the human brainstem, using an immunoperoxidase technique, and to compare our findings with the distribution of other tachykinins previously described in the human brainstem [ 23 24 25 27 ] . Finally, we report here a widespread distribution of fibers and cell bodies containing neurokinin in the human brainstem.
The effects of SP and other tachykinins at the bfSPR have been previously well characterized [ 8, 9, 5].
Distribution of tachykinins in the human brainstem
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