Words similar to substituents
Example sentences for: substituents
How can you use “substituents” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Thus the aryl ring (Figure 2B) can carry quite a large variety of substituents that enhance binding if they are hydrophobic [ 21 ] . Since many good biophores were identified in the DA database we designed two different DA precursors (Figure 5) instead of one.
E.-coli -expressed pR has post-translational modifications, including ~4000 daltons of substituents at one or more of its three cysteines.
The lack of an aldehyde group on the periphery of the macrocycle of Chl c, which replaces Chl b in homologous complexes in chromophytic algae, indicates that the primary interaction between Chls and the proteins does not involve such substituents.
predicted that Phe158 and Ile 164 form hydrophobic interactions with bulky substituents on the substrate, suggesting that the loss of these residues would only affect binding of substrates with large aromatic substituents [ 37 ] . In the modeling studies on CcrA [ 42 ] , Asn233 was predicted to interact with the β-lactam carbonyl on substrate, and mutagenesis studies have supported this prediction [ 43 ] . Although Asn233 is sequence conserved in L1 [ 35 ] , it is located 14Å away from the modeled position of the β-lactam carbonyl and was predicted not to play a role in substrate binding to L1 [ 37 ] . On the other hand, the substrate-binding model predicted that Tyr228 was in position to offer a hydrogen bond to the β-lactam carbonyl and participate in an oxyanion hole that was proposed to form as the substrate was hydrolyzed [ 37 ] . By using the crystal structure and modeling studies on L1, Ullah et al.
All crystallographically characterized metallo-β-lactamases have a flexible amino acid chain that extends over the active site [ 37 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 ] . Previous NMR studies on CcrA have shown that this loop "clamps down" on substrate or inhibitor upon binding, and there is speculation that the distortion of substrate upon clamping down of the loop may drive catalysis [ 50 ] . The crystal structure of L1 showed that there is a large loop that extends over the active site, and modeling studies have predicted that two residues, Ile164 and Phe158, make significant contacts with large, hydrophobic substituents at the 2' or 6' positions on penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems [ 37 ] . To test this prediction, Ile 164 and Phe158 were changed from large, hydrophobic residues to alanines to afford the I164A and F158A mutants.
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