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Example sentences for: stiffness
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More myosin-II is recruited to the furrow cortex when D. discoideum cells are flattened by agar overlay when compared to cells grown under standard conditions on the surface of a culture plate [ 18 ] . Flattening a cell by agar overlay may increase the apparent stiffness of the cell by introducing tension into the cortex from increased hydrostatic pressure.
The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by wide spread pain in the body, associated with particular tender points [ 1 2 ] . It is often accompanied by unrestorative sleep patterns, fatigue, headaches, irritable bowel and bladder syndrome, morning stiffness, paresthesias, anxiety, and depression [ 2 3 ] . The prevalence rate is about 2% in the general population, 3.9% of women ages 20-40 and 5.8% of women ages 40-60 [ 4 ] , and as high as 8% in women ages 55-64 [ 5 ] . FMS is more prevalent in women than men, in about a 3:1 ratio [ 5 ] . People who suffer from FMS have a disability index comparable to that of patients with rheumatoid arthritis [ 6 ] while disease severity was worse than Sjogren's syndrome [ 7 ] . The natural course of FMS may include some symptomatic relief [ 8 ] , but many symptoms remain essentially unchanged after 7 years of follow up [ 9 ] .
where γ is the contractile force, R f is the radius of the furrow, S c is the stiffness of the cell cortex and Θ is the angle between the tangent to the cortex at the base of the furrow and the cleavage plane (Figure 4C).
Direct measurements of the cortex stiffness and contractility as a function of position and time during cytokinesis in wild type and mutant cells will be essential to identify the contribution of myosin-II to the mechanics of cell shape changes.
As the strain rate increases, the stiffness and peak failure loads of the ligament and bone both increase [ 1 3 16 ] . Fig.
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