Words similar to stem-loop
Example sentences for: stem-loop
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In general, it is thought that miRNA biogenesis proceeds via intermediate precursor transcripts of more than 70 nucleotides that have the capacity to form an extended stem-loop structure (pre-miRNA), although at least some pre-miRNAs are further derived from even longer transcripts (primary miRNA transcripts, or pri-miRNAs).
The largest cluster of miRNA genes in Drosophila includes six that were previously identified as the mir-3 → mir-6-3 cluster [ 10 ] . We identified two additional conserved stem-loop structures that flank mir-3 (Figure 7a), one of which ( mir-286 ) was confirmed by northern blot (Figure 5a).
Although most known pre-miRNAs in Drosophila , Caenorhabditis , mice and humans form relatively canonical stem-loops of around 70 to 100 nucleotides in length, plant miRNA precursors are often processed through exceptionally long stem-loops (many 150 nucleotides or longer) [ 14 15 16 ] . miR-125 is a member of the Drosophila reference set that received a low score by our informatic procedure, possibly because it may derive from an unusually long stem-loop (120 nucleotides), only a portion of which was included in the queried window.
First, the mature miRNA can be derived from either arm of a given stem-loop, and many predicted pre-miRNAs fold well on either strand.
Processing of pri-miRNA into the pre-miRNA stem-loop occurs in the nucleus, while subsequent processing of pre-miRNA into 21-22 mers is a cytoplasmic event mediated by the RNAse III enzyme Dicer [ 17 18 19 20 ] ; Dicer is also responsible for cleavage of long perfectly double-stranded RNA into 21-22 nucleotide fragments during RNA interference (RNAi) [ 2 21 ] . These latter molecules, known as silencing RNA (siRNA), bind to and trigger the degradation of perfectly homologous mRNA molecules via RISC, a double-strand RNA-induced silencing complex containing nuclease activity [ 22 23 ] .
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