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Example sentences for: spo
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Identification of four introns (Figure 1) and complete complementation of the rec12-117 hyporecombination defect by the full-length cDNA (Figure 2) confirmed that Rec12 protein is homologous to Spo11 of other eukaryotes [ 11 ] . Both Rec12 and its active site tyrosine are required for intragenic and intergenic recombination at multiple locations on all three chromosomes (Figure 2, Tables 1, 2, data not shown).
Thus, with regard to primary protein sequence (Figure 1), inferred subunit structure (Figure 2and data not shown), strict requirement for meiotic recombination (Figure 2, Table 1), and dependence upon its active site tyrosine (Table 1), Rec12 protein is a structurally and functionally conserved member of the Spo11 family of enzymes that catalyze meiotic dsDNA cleavage to initiate recombination [ 11 ] .
Localization of Spo11 across synapsed, pachytene chromosomes of mice also suggests that Spo11 has an additional role, after it catalyzes recombination, in meiosis [ 25 ] .
It is dispensable for chromosome pairing and synapsis in some organisms, but is required in others [ 22 24 25 26 27 28 ] . Budding yeast spo11Δ (null) mutants lack chromosome pairing, but catalytic site tyrosine mutants ( spo11-Y135F ) support significant levels of DSB-independent pairing [ 29 ] , so the function of Spo11 proteins in pairing may be separable from its function in catalyzing recombination.
Rec12 (Spo11) protein shares homology with the catalytic (Top6A) subunit of Topoisomerase VI, which functions as a heterotetramer with Top6B [ 16 17 ] . However, no Top6B homolog is present in most eukaryotes and the Rec12 (Spo11) enzyme does not need to affect strand passage in the manner of canonical type II topoisomerases [ 11 ] . We therefore tested whether overexpression of rec12 +would lead to a hyper-recombination phenotype, thereby implicating function as a homodimer.
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