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Example sentences for: spindles
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In addition to these criteria, the frequency discharge at the end of the dynamic phase of stretch was used as a distinguishing characteristic of 1° and 2° muscle spindles.
Those afferents that exhibited a pause in discharge frequency as the extrafusal fibers contracted ("silent period") were classified as muscle spindles [ 24 25 ] . Primary muscle spindles were differentiated from secondary muscle spindles with the satisfaction of at least two out of three criteria tested on every afferent: 1) a conduction velocity > 75 m/sec; 2) an increase in discharge frequency at 100 μm displacement reflecting a low stretch threshold; 3) an abrupt decrease in frequency discharge at the end of stretch that returned to L init static discharge levels.
The 2° muscle spindles were also found to increase their discharge frequency with increasing amplitudes of intercostal space displacement.
By choosing from the time-frequency atoms, fitted to EEG by the MP algorithm, those conforming to the above criteria, we obtain a detailed, automatic and high-resolution parametrization of the relevant structures, which correspond to sleep spindles [ 9 10 ] . Figures 10and 11present results of such a procedure carried out for several derivations of an overnight sleep EEG recording.
Discharge frequencies found for primary muscle spindles in the present study are also similar to those for 1° afferents in other muscles with intact γ-innervation [ 9 16 17 ] and without γ-innervation [ 18 19 20 ] . In these studies, the 1° muscle spindles were found to possess the greatest sensitivity to changes in velocity.
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