Words similar to sperm-egg
Example sentences for: sperm-egg
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A number of reports have characterized constitutive expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in both immature oocytes and ovulated eggs from various species [ 32 33 34 35 36 ] . HSP70 and HSP89 are constitutively synthesized in the immature, preovulatory mouse oocyte, although the expression is not heat-inducible [ 37 ] . Levels of HSP70 mRNA decrease following oocyte maturation and ovulation [ 38 ] , and HSP70 is one of the first genes to be transcribed at the onset of zygotic gene activation in the early 2-cell mouse embryo [ 39 40 ] . Interestingly, while previous investigators did not localize HSP70 to the oolemma, they did demonstrate that the presence of anti-HSP70 antibody reduces bovine sperm-egg binding in vitro.
For example, the study of hamster gametes has revealed significant information concerning the mechanisms underlying species-specific sperm-egg interactions [ 11 12 13 ] and the deleterious effects of endocrine disruptors on male and female reproductive development [ 14 15 16 17 ] . The hamster, mouse and rat are all members of the family Muridae, however both mice and rats belong to the subfamily Murinae while hamsters belong to the subfamily Cricetinae.
Data from Zhu and Evans [ 3 ] substantiates the involvement of α4/α9 integrin and α6 integrin in sperm-egg binding, while other results have been contradictory ( [ 4 5 ] , see Primakoff and Myles, [ 6 ] for review).
There is now compelling evidence demonstrating that CD9, a tetraspan membrane protein, is present on the oolemma and essential for sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing functional multimolecular complexes in the egg [ 7 ] . Glycosyl-phophatidyniositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have also been described on the oolemma and implicated in sperm-egg fusion; removal of GPI-anchored protein from the egg plasma membrane results in greatly reduced fertilization rates without affecting sperm-zona pellucida binding [ 8 ] . Other egg surface molecules are the adhesion molecules NCAM, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ECAD [ 9 ] , and the selectins [ 10 ] . Additionally, the IgG receptor [ 11 ] , complement receptors C1q [ 12 ] , CD35 and CD11b, [ 13 ] and the Fc gamma receptors [ 14 ] exhibit oolemmal expression in a variety of mammalian species.
[ 2 ] demonstrated the presence of α6β1 and αvβ3 integrins at the egg surface by indirect immunofluorescence and PCR, and showed involvement of the α6β1 integrin in sperm-egg fusion by peptide and antibody inhibition assays.
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