Words similar to sperm-egg
Example sentences for: sperm-egg
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A number of reports have characterized constitutive expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in both immature oocytes and ovulated eggs from various species [ 32 33 34 35 36 ] . HSP70 and HSP89 are constitutively synthesized in the immature, preovulatory mouse oocyte, although the expression is not heat-inducible [ 37 ] . Levels of HSP70 mRNA decrease following oocyte maturation and ovulation [ 38 ] , and HSP70 is one of the first genes to be transcribed at the onset of zygotic gene activation in the early 2-cell mouse embryo [ 39 40 ] . Interestingly, while previous investigators did not localize HSP70 to the oolemma, they did demonstrate that the presence of anti-HSP70 antibody reduces bovine sperm-egg binding in vitro.
Data from Zhu and Evans [ 3 ] substantiates the involvement of α4/α9 integrin and α6 integrin in sperm-egg binding, while other results have been contradictory ( [ 4 5 ] , see Primakoff and Myles, [ 6 ] for review).
For example, the study of hamster gametes has revealed significant information concerning the mechanisms underlying species-specific sperm-egg interactions [ 11 12 13 ] and the deleterious effects of endocrine disruptors on male and female reproductive development [ 14 15 16 17 ] . The hamster, mouse and rat are all members of the family Muridae, however both mice and rats belong to the subfamily Murinae while hamsters belong to the subfamily Cricetinae.
[ 2 ] demonstrated the presence of α6β1 and αvβ3 integrins at the egg surface by indirect immunofluorescence and PCR, and showed involvement of the α6β1 integrin in sperm-egg fusion by peptide and antibody inhibition assays.
There is now compelling evidence demonstrating that CD9, a tetraspan membrane protein, is present on the oolemma and essential for sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing functional multimolecular complexes in the egg [ 7 ] . Glycosyl-phophatidyniositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have also been described on the oolemma and implicated in sperm-egg fusion; removal of GPI-anchored protein from the egg plasma membrane results in greatly reduced fertilization rates without affecting sperm-zona pellucida binding [ 8 ] . Other egg surface molecules are the adhesion molecules NCAM, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ECAD [ 9 ] , and the selectins [ 10 ] . Additionally, the IgG receptor [ 11 ] , complement receptors C1q [ 12 ] , CD35 and CD11b, [ 13 ] and the Fc gamma receptors [ 14 ] exhibit oolemmal expression in a variety of mammalian species.
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