Words similar to somatic
Example sentences for: somatic
How can you use “somatic” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Converging points of evidence implicate infection by high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types as a critical etiologic factor in cervical tumorigenesis [ 1 ] . Epidemiological and experimental data, however, show that only a small fraction of HPV-infected cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN) lesions progress to invasive cervical carcinoma (CC) [ 2 ] . These findings suggest somatic genetic mutations play a critical role in the initiation and progression of CC.
Modulation of this mitogenic pathway occurs in part via the M6P/IGF2R, which functions in the internalization and degradation of IGF-II [ 10 ] . M6P/IGF2R is also important in activation of TGF-β, a potent growth inhibitor for most cell types, and in binding, transport and activation of lysosomal enzymes, such as cathepsins [ 12 13 ] . It has been shown that M6P/IGF2R expression is significantly reduced in both rat and human hepatocellular carcinomas [ 14 ] . Loss of hetorozygosity (LOH) at the M6P/IGF2 receptor gene locus on 6q26-27 coupled with somatic point mutations in the remaining allele has recently been demonstrated in liver and breast cancers [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 ] . In addition, somatic mutations of the M6P/IGF2R gene were also found in prostate cancer, lung carcinoma, and genetically unstable cancers of the endometrium, brain, stomach and colorectum [ 24 25 26 27 28 29 ] . The findings of LOH and mutations of M6P/IGF2R in a wide variety of tumor types have led to the proposition that the M6P/IGF2R is a tumor suppressor gene.
Therefore, mutation of even a single allele of the M6P/IGF2R in human somatic cells is predicted to also promote cell growth.
Of particular importance to this study are the genes p53 and K- ras 2 since a significant proportion of the mutations are localized to a relatively small number of mutational hotspots [ 13 14 15 16 ] . In this paper we introduce a screen to detect the presence of pancreatic cancer by looking for somatic mutations in p53 and K- ras 2 using polony technology to microsequence mutational hotspots within these two genes.
More importantly, advancing the age of first estrus by pheromone exposure was accompanied by an apparent acceleration of somatic growth such that this critical body mass was reached at a younger age.
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