Words similar to shc
Example sentences for: shc
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Several signaling events, including the activation of Jak kinases 1 and 3 are shared among the 'common γ chain' cytokines [ 50 ] . Other signaling events, such as the activation of Shc, Gab2, SHP-2 and MAPK, are shared among IL-2 and 15, but not the other common γ chain cytokine receptors, and Tyr 388 of IL-2Rβ appears critical for these events [ 51 ] . Despite these signaling similarities, it is clear that the biological properties of IL-2 are unique among the common γ chain cytokines, as the other cytokines cannot compensate for IL-2 in the IL-2 knockout mouse [ 52 ] . In addition, IL-15 appears uniquely critical for the development of NK cells, as evidenced by the phenotypes of IL-15 [ 53 ] and IL-15R α [ 54 ] deficient mice.
Shc, Gab1, Grb2, mSOS, and MAPK kinase (MEK-1)) known to be used by single-transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (for a review see [ 6 ] ). When ERKs are activated after EGFR stimulation, an essential event is the sequential tyrosine phosphorylation of these intermediate proteins and their binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated EGFR before the GTP-loading of Ras.
Signaling by the IGF-IR has been studied in many different cell types and is important for proliferation, survival, motility, adhesion, transformation, tumor formation and metastasis [for reviews see refs [ 31 32 ] ]. The receptor can directly phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Shc proteins in the intact cell causing activation of PI-3Kinase and ras signaling [ 33 ] . More recently, it has been shown that the IGF-IR signals via the Gβγ subunits of the heterotrimeric Gi complex to stimulate PI-3Kinase and ras, and also activates the JAK/Stat pathway to cause phosphorylation of Stat3 [ 34 35 ] .
We and others and we have reported that μ- and δ-opioid receptors become tyrosine phosphorylated after agonist-stimulation [ 11 12 ] . Tyrosine phosphorylation of a membrane-bound protein is an essential step in ERK activation, because it creates SH2-binding domains that allow Shc and other proteins to associate into a multi-protein signalling complex.
Shc, Grb2, Gab1, mSOS.
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