Words similar to senescence
Example sentences for: senescence
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We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
Closer inspection of the differences between expression levels of these genes in the vegetative growth samples reveals a slight elevation in expression for non-photosynthetic samples, including all root samples, and senescence stem and senescence leaf samples (Figure 8).
It is important to mention that our experiments were conducted at similar passage levels (passage 6 to 8) in both groups, since senescence of fibroblasts is associated with a shift from the biosynthesis of PGI 2 to TXA 2 [ 24 25 ] . It is possible that the difference seen in our study between HF-IPF and HF-NL could result from comparing fibroblasts of different ages.
As recently indicated [ 30 ] , certain types of placental abnormality have also been ascribed to the villous immaturity (low or no Thy-1 differentiation protein expression in placental villi and a lack of blood sinusoid dilatation - PT4, see above) accompanied by an existing (diabetes mellitus) or absent placental hypertrophy (intrauterine growth retardation) - Table 1. However, it has been suggested that although chronic placental adaptations may be successful for the fetal survival, e.g. in placental senescence or maternal diabetes, they may lead to adverse outcomes later in the life of an individual [ 22 ] . Therefore, although it might not be apparent in the newborn, the abnormal placenta may indicate a burden for the future of an individual and for the quality of the human population.
The WRKY transcription factors are involved in defense, wounding, senescence and plant development [ 7 16 70 71 72 73 ] . There are 70 genes with a WRKY domain in the Arabidopsis genome and six of them (WRKY15, 25, 33, 46, 62, 70) are in the stress cDNA collection.
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