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Example sentences for: rostochiensis
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Included are 32,735 sequences from Meloidogyne species ( M. incognita 12,752, M. hapla 11,049, M. javanica 5,600, M. arenaria 3,334), as well as ESTs from cyst nematode species ( G. rostochiensis 5,934, H. glycines 4,327, G. pallida 1,832), and the lesion nematode ( P. penetrans 2,048).
Following isolation from G. rostochiensis and H. glycines [ 5 ] , cellulases have been identified in M. incognita [ 6 ] , G. tabacum [ 68 ] , H. schachtii [ 69 ] , and P. penetrans [ 70 ] . Additional prokaryotic-like sequences identified in plant parasitic nematodes include other cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as xylanase [ 7 ] , pectate lyase [ 8 71 ] and polygalacturonase [ 72 ] , and evidence is accumulating that these sequences have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer [ 11 ] . The known Meloidogyne cellulase (MI00483.cl), potentially novel cellulases (MI00537.cl, MI01196.cl, MI01381.cl, MI01842.cl), and pectate lyase (MI00592.cl, MI00520.cl) were represented in the M. incognita EST clusters.
The most extensively studied HGT candidates are four genes encoding β-1,4-endoglucanase, initially identified in the cyst nematodes G. rostochiensis and H. glycines [ 18 19 ] . These four genes (NemaGene Contig IDs MI00537, MI01011, MI01381 and MI01842) [ 30 ] appear to define two sets of paralogs formed before divergence of the cyst and root-knot nematodes.
MI00244.cl, for example, had homology to 47 ESTs in our collection from other Tylenchida species including root-knot nematodes M. javanica, M. hapla and M. arenaria , cyst nematodes H. glycines and G. rostochiensis , and the lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans with E-values from 7e-78 to 3e-05.
On the basis of biochemical and immunological criteria, genes have been identified in Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera glycines that allow these nematodes to endogenously produce enzymes that can degrade cellulose and pectin, the two major components of plant cell walls.
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