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Example sentences for: ros
How can you use “ros” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Interestingly it has been demonstrated that rapid production of ROS in endothelial cells exposed to TNFα is mediated by ceramide [ 32 ] . Ceramide is a central figure in the sphingomyelin pathway, which has also been linked to stress related signaling and apoptosis [ 33 34 ] . This report provides evidence that cytokines regulate the fate of CLENDO cells.
In addition to these unrepresented families, only one member (Ros1) of the PTK XVIII (Ros/sevenless family) subfamily was detected.
They also respond by the localized activation of a cell-death program, designated the hypersensitive response (HR), and by the systemic activation of cellular and molecular defenses, termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR) [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] . Second messengers that contribute to the development of the systemic response include reactive oxygen species (ROS), SA, JA and ethylene [ 8 9 10 ] . There is evidence for commonalities between plant responses to pathogens (referred to as defense responses) and environmental stresses (referred to as stress responses) [ 11 12 ] . Despite similarities, however, a plant's response to each environmental challenge is unique and tailored to increasing the plant's ability to survive the inciting stress [ 13 14 15 16 ] .
These findings lend support to the notion that TNFα contributes to luteolysis by initiating formation of endothelial cell-derived ROS.
We used ozone as an abiotic stressor because the plant's response at the biochemical and molecular level shows extensive overlap with the pathogen defense response and includes the production of ROS, as well as induction of HR and SAR [ 23 24 ] . At the phenotypic level, acute ozone exposure (high dose for a short interval) causes necrotic lesions similar to those caused by avirulent pathogen infections, whereas chronic ozone exposure (low dose for an extended period of time) accelerates foliar senescence, producing similar symptoms to those caused by virulent pathogen infections [ 25 26 ] . There is evidence that elicitor-evoked ROS production, called the oxidative burst, is an essential signaling component of the defense response [ 27 ] . Moreover ozone is a component of photochemical smog and itself represents an oxidative stress to living organisms, damaging crops and forests [ 28 ] .
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