Words similar to retrograde
Example sentences for: retrograde
How can you use “retrograde” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Our data suggest a mechanism of de-localization of Arp3 consistent with dissociation or diffusion rather than retrograde flow.
And the inside WP piece dwells mostly on the absence of a clear explanation for these decreases, while also noting two retrograde movements: There hasn't been a significant crime drop among white suburban and rural teen-agers, and cities between 10,000 and 24,999 have experienced a murder increase.
In the carotid arteries, the system works by occluding the common carotid, which creates a negative pressure gradient distal to the balloon occlusion and establishes retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery.
Current understanding of the retrograde flow of actin has been influenced by the use of BDM in the sea urchin coelomocyte and Aplysia bag cell neuron systems.
Rab proteins comprise a large family of Ras-related GTPases that function in the anterograde and retrograde trafficking of proteins in mammalian cells [ 1 2 3 ] . Different Rab proteins reside in specific subcellular membranes or organelles, where they mediate vesicular transport between discrete donor and acceptor compartments in the endocytic or exocytic pathways [ 4 5 ] . Detailed studies of a few Rab proteins ( e.g .; Rab1, Rab5 and Rab9) have led to a general model wherein Rab proteins are presumed to cycle on and off donor and acceptor membranes in connection with changes in their guanine nucleotide state [ 6 7 8 ] . In the active GTP-bound state, Rab proteins associate with budding transport vesicles [ 9 10 11 ] and appear to participate in the assembly of membrane docking complexes [ 12 13 14 ] . Following vesicle fusion with the acceptor compartment and GTP hydrolysis, the inactive GDP-bound Rab is extracted from the membrane by a carrier protein termed guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) [ 15 16 17 ] . The GTPase can then re-enter the transport cycle through nucleotide exchange promoted by a specific exchange factor at the donor vesicle membrane [ 18 19 20 ] . In addition to changes in guanine nucleotide state, the posttranslational prenylation of Rab proteins plays an important role in the cycling mechanism.
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