Words similar to retrograde
Example sentences for: retrograde
How can you use “retrograde” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
[ 11 17 18 ] . A role for nm-myosinII may exist, given its localization and that other perturbations that affect myosin function - myosin S1 microinjection, ML-7 treatment, and expression of dominant negative nm-myosinII constructs and have similar effects to BDM treatment [ 5 7 12 ] . However, a study in chick dorsal root ganglia neurons where nm-myosinII was inactivated using chromophore assisted laser inactivation saw no effect on retrograde flow rates [ 19 ] . We know now that BDM does not in fact inhibit nm-myosinII.
Horowitz has postulated that biosynthetic pathways evolve in a retrograde fashion, beginning with the last enzyme in the pathway [ 53].
In the carotid arteries, the system works by occluding the common carotid, which creates a negative pressure gradient distal to the balloon occlusion and establishes retrograde flow in the internal carotid artery.
One process inhibited by BDM is the centripetal flow of actin from the leading edge into the cell body, known as retrograde flow [ 11 12 ] . Retrograde flow is thought to be driven by a "push-pull" mechanism of polymerization of actin at the leading edge of the cell and contractile activity of myosin motor proteins [ 13 14 ] . Formation of new actin filaments is predominantly mediated by the nucleation activity of the Arp2/3 complex [ 15 ] . Members of the WASP/WAVE family of proteins, among others, stimulate and regulate the Arp2/3 complex for spatial and temporal control of filament nucleation [ 15 ] . Localization of these proteins to the leading edge, though not completely understood, is probably mediated through their interactions with the actin cytoskeleton itself and membrane-associated binding partners [ 15 16 ] .
So, is this effect that we see with BDM mediated by other proteins involved in retrograde flow?
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