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Example sentences for: resistant
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Overall, about 1.8% of hygromycin B-resistant colonies were white or light yellow.
Cys→Ser mutation at position 280 in the p51 subunit has been shown to alter the RNase H activity of the heterodimeric enzyme, indicating that this residue in the thumb subdomain of p51 plays an important role in support of the RNase H activity of p66 [ 22 ] . The emergence of a strain of HIV-1 resistant to the non-nucleoside RT inhibitor TSAO (Tertbutyldimethyl silyspiro amino oxathioledioside) displaying Glu→Lys mutation at position 138 in the p51 subunit of HIV-1 RT has also been reported [ 23 ] , thus implicating p51 to play a more direct role in drug binding and/or the enzymatic activities of HIV-1RT.
After 2 weeks of selection in 800 μg/ml of geneticin-G418 (Gibco/Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), BG-1 G418-resistant colonies were pooled or individually isolated and assayed for growth in the presence or absence of supplemented estrogen.
MCF7 cells are sensitive to rapamycin analogs in the low nM range [ 33 ] . A potential problem with the use of rapamycin and its analogs is that some tumors are intrinsically resistant to its effects [ 33 34 ] . Resistance in mammalian cells has been associated with decreased expression of 4EBP-1 [ 35 ] , mutations in the ATM protein [ 36 ] , and low level expression of p27 Kip1due to enhanced turnover of the protein [ 37 ] . In addition, it has been demonstrated that fibroblasts from p27 Kip1knockout mice are more resistant to the effects of rapamycin than normal cells [ 37 ] . Thus p27 Kip1is an important mediator of cell growth inhibition in response to rapamycin.
Whereas mutations at other codons are necessary for high resistance to AZT, mutations at codon 219 are not, and codon 219 mutations arise late in infection after earlier mutations have already rendered RT resistant to AZT [ 53].
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