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Example sentences for: refusers
How can you use “refusers” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
PSE involves three steps: (1) estimate the age-specific incidence of cancer associated with different types of detection: first screen, interval between screens, subsequent screen, refusers, and
To avoid this assumption (and the need to collect data from refusers), we estimated the cancer mortality rate following detection in the absence of screening by the cancer mortality rate in interval cancers.
Case-control studies are applicable with special considerations for cancer screening [ 22 ] . Periodic Screening Evaluation (PSE) is a method for using data from subjects of various age who receive at least two regularly scheduled screenings to estimate the reduction in cancer mortality from periodic screening over a range of ages [ 23 24 ] . The main assumptions of PSE are (1) once a cancer is detectable on screening it would be detectable on later screenings (2) given age, year of birth adds no information for predicting the detection rate on the first screen, (3) no selection bias in using refusers to estimate survival from detection in the absence of screening.
Previous approaches [ 1 2 3 ] used data from refusers, substituting m
To determine if the upper bound is reasonable, we estimated its value using data from screened subjects in randomized trials of colorectal cancer screening [ 12 13 ] , breast cancer screening [ 14 ] , and lung cancer screening [ 15 16 ] . We then compared this estimate to a modified PSE estimate using data from all subjects, so that estimates of age-specific cancer detection in the absence of screening and cancer mortality in the absence of screening are based on data from randomized controls and refusers.
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