Words similar to refs
Example sentences for: refs
How can you use “refs” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I is a representative example of type IA DNA topoisomerase (for reviews, see refs [ 1 2 ] ). Its major biological role in the bacterial cell is the removal of excessive negative supercoils from DNA to maintain the DNA at optimal superhelical density along with DNA gyrase [ 3 ] . The enzyme has a molecular weight of 97 kDa and the active site tyrosine responsible for DNA cleavage is found in the 67 kDa N-terminal transesterification domain.
Sportswriters call it "working the refs," and it is a subtle art.
SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is an extracellular glycoprotein expressed in elevated levels in actively proliferating cells and organs such as developing embryos and adult tissues associated with remodeling (bone and gut), wound healing, angiogenesis (reviewed in refs.
[for reviews see refs [ 31 ] , [ 39 40 41 ] ]. The IGF-IR appears to function in transformation both by preventing apoptosis through activation of Akt and by stimulating proliferation through the ras-MAPK cascade.
Signaling by the IGF-IR has been studied in many different cell types and is important for proliferation, survival, motility, adhesion, transformation, tumor formation and metastasis [for reviews see refs [ 31 32 ] ]. The receptor can directly phosphorylate the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Shc proteins in the intact cell causing activation of PI-3Kinase and ras signaling [ 33 ] . More recently, it has been shown that the IGF-IR signals via the Gβγ subunits of the heterotrimeric Gi complex to stimulate PI-3Kinase and ras, and also activates the JAK/Stat pathway to cause phosphorylation of Stat3 [ 34 35 ] .
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