Words similar to pyruvate
Example sentences for: pyruvate
How can you use “pyruvate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
It appears likely that α-ketobutyrate is generated instead by the 'pyruvate' pathway in which citramalate is generated as the initial intermediate.
Various genes involved in cholesterol metabolism (microsomal transfer protein, MTP; apolipoprotein C3, Apoc3; cholesterol 7α hydroxylase, Cyp7a1), carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate kinase; facilitative glucose transporter gene, GLUT2), and coagulation (vitamin K dependent coagulation factors VII, IX, X) have been previously found to be induced by PPARs [ 32 ] , but were not transcriptionally regulated in the present experiment.
These same conclusions regarding energy expenditure were reached in experiments assessing enzymatic activities, and transcriptional changes in rat liver using Northern blots, where fish oil feeding: increased palmitoyl CoA mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rate; increased Cpt1, Cpt2, Δ 3, Δ 2-enoyl CoA isomerase, and Ech1 expression and activity; and decreased expression and activity of FA synthase, malic enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase, compared to palm and/or safflower oil feeding [ 93 ] . Likewise, in rat white retroperitoneal adipose tissue, fish oil feeding also decreased Fasn expression [ 94 ] . Intriguingly, the hormone leptin, which also acts through SREBP-1 and PPARα, affected many transcripts similarly to LC-PUFA ( e.g. , leptin decreased Gpam and Apoa4 transcripts; and up regulated Ech1, mitochondrial Hmgcs2, and Cyp4a14 transcripts [ 95 ] .
Because of a suspicion of a possible mitochondrial disorder, the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate carboxylase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities (complexes II-IV) were tested in fibroblasts with normal results.
THP-1 (generously provided by Dr P Guyre, Dartmouth Medical School), Jurkat (ATCC), and 293 cell lines were cultured in RPMI complete medium (CM), consisting of RPMI 1640 with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 0.1 ml of sodium pyruvate, 2.0 mmol/l of L-glutamine, 25 mmol/l of 1 M HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid), 0.1 mmol/l of nonessential amino acids, 0.25 μg/ml of amphotericin, 50 μg/ml gentamicin (all from BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD, USA) and 5 × 10 -5M 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA).
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