Words similar to pro-inflammatory
Example sentences for: pro-inflammatory
How can you use “pro-inflammatory” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
This could be best explained by the secondary release of pro-inflammatory substances such as IFN-γ and IL-1 by circulating or intra-tumoral lymphoid cells, as most of the genes identified are known to be responsive to the effect of either of these cytokines.
A strong candidate is TNF itself, as it encodes the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, and there is a significant body of clinical and experimental data suggesting a causal role for it in the pathogenesis of many of the diseases with which it has been associated.
Although the etiologies and pathologies of RA and OA differ, it is clear that in both of these diseases pro-inflammatory cytokines are present, resulting in an inflammatory state as well as cartilage degradation [ 14 ] . As further evidence for the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA, anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) and anti-interleukin 1 (anti-IL-1) therapies can reduce inflammation and retard the progression of disease as assessed radiographically [ 15 16 ] . However, side-effects with these approaches, such as the development of lymphomas in patients using anti-TNF-α therapies, demonstrate that alternative therapies are needed [ 17 ] .
An overview of the genes most consistently affected by IL-2 therapy revealed a large array of transcripts with functions ranging from regulation of cell division and apoptosis to the secretion of immune-stimulatory and/or pro-inflammatory factors.
Two highly conserved responses are observed under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; the ER overload and unfolded protein responses [ 24 25 ] . The unfolded protein response is characterized by generalized suppression of protein synthesis and the specific induction of ER-resident proteins and GADD153 [ 24 ] . The transcription factor nuclear factor kB is activated during the ER overload response, leading to the downstream induction of pro-inflammatory proteins [ 25 ] . Therefore, the transcriptional modulation of GADD153 and IkB by mefloquine suggests that the ER might be a target of the drug.
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