Words similar to preovulatory
Example sentences for: preovulatory
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The quantity of LH secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is the outcome of an interaction between the amount of hypothalamic GnRH secretion and the level of gonadotrope responsiveness to GnRH [ 7 ] . Quantitatively, gonadotrope responsiveness is more important than the level of GnRH secretion; for example, during the estrogen-stimulated preovulatory surge of LH secretion in the rat there is a 5-fold increase in GnRH secretion but a 50-fold increase in LH secretion [ 7 ] . Moreover, a quantity of GnRH that will evoke a normal preovulatory LH surge during the period preceding ovulation will induce only a small increase in LH secretion at other stages of the estrous cycle [ 7 ] . Similarly, termination of the preovulatory LH surge appears to be due to desensitization of the gonadotrope to GnRH action; in the sheep, a decrease in LH secretion precedes the decrease in GnRH secretion [ 41 ] , whereas in the rat, although the decrease in GnRH and LH secretion are co-incident [ 7 ] , there is evidence that the gonadotrope is already desensitized to GnRH [ 42 43 ] .
A number of reports have characterized constitutive expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in both immature oocytes and ovulated eggs from various species [ 32 33 34 35 36 ] . HSP70 and HSP89 are constitutively synthesized in the immature, preovulatory mouse oocyte, although the expression is not heat-inducible [ 37 ] . Levels of HSP70 mRNA decrease following oocyte maturation and ovulation [ 38 ] , and HSP70 is one of the first genes to be transcribed at the onset of zygotic gene activation in the early 2-cell mouse embryo [ 39 40 ] . Interestingly, while previous investigators did not localize HSP70 to the oolemma, they did demonstrate that the presence of anti-HSP70 antibody reduces bovine sperm-egg binding in vitro.
Trophoblast cells are usually separated and grown in media containing phenol red (PhR) [ 35 ] . Phenol red is a weak estrogen with apparent biological effects, and the ERα binding affinity in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) is equivalent to levels of E2 as high as 0.45 nM [ 36 ] . Although relatively low when compared to the E2 levels in pregnancy, this estrogenic binding affinity of PhR is close to that of E2 during the preovulatory peak [ 4 5 ] . Therefore, we included studies with PhR+, PhR-/E2- and PhR-/E2+ media in order to determine the effect of estrogens on differentiation of cultured trophoblast cells (syncytium formation) derived from normal and abnormal placental types.
The mouse anti-rat LHR monoclonal antibody (mAb), clone 3B5, was developed against purified rat LHR [ 21 ] . The antibody showed immunoreactivity with rat granulosa cells of mature (preovulatory) follicles, ovarian thecal and interstitial cells, granulosa-lutein cells of developing, mature and regressing CL, and with testicular Leydig cells, and no reactivity with rat kidneys [ 22 ] . During the last ten years, affinity purified 3B5 antibody has been used in several immunohistochemical studies [ 23 24 25 26 ] . To our knowledge, however, no analysis of the 3B5 antibody by western blot has been reported.
Maturation of preovulatory follicles was associated with a transition of scarce granular cytoplasmic LHR immunoreactivity (ig, Fig.
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