Words similar to phthalate
Example sentences for: phthalate
How can you use “phthalate” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is a promising microbicide candidate for prevention of infection by sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens, including HIV-1 [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ] . CAP inactivates HIV-1 and blocks the coreceptor binding site on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120, while leaving the site for the primary cellular receptor CD4 accessible [ 8 9 ] Soluble CD4 (sCD4) was shown to inhibit HIV-1 infection by two mechanisms: reversible blockage of virus binding to receptors, and irreversible inactivation of virus infectivity [ 10 ] . Since CAP and sCD4 bind to distinct domains on the HIV-1 envelope, it was of interest to determine whether or not these two ligands affect virus infectivity synergistically as do other combinations of anti-HIV-1 drugs and sCD4 [ 11 12 ] Binding of sCD4 leads to conformational changes in gp120 [ 13 14 15 16 17 ] . Binding of gp120 to coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively, triggers additional conformational changes in HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins [ 18 19 ] For these reasons it was of interest to determine whether a) pretreatment of HIV-1 with sCD4 would affect subsequent binding of CAP to virus particles, and b) CAP binding to virus particles in the presence or absence of sCD4 would elicit conformational changes which could affect HIV-1 infectivity.
CAP, cellulose acetate phthalate; STD, sexually transmitted disease; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; FBS, fetal bovine serum; PEG 6000, polyethylene glycol 6000; HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; SIV, simian immunodeficiency virus; HSV-1, herpesvirus type 1; HSV-2, herpesvirus type 2; BSA, bovine serum albumin; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; HRP, horse radish peroxidase; sCD4, soluble CD4; TS, 0.14 M NaCl, 0.01 M Tris, pH 7.0; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes; CTAP, cellotetraose acetate phthalate; pdb.
Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) was a gift from Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, TN, and micronized using a SPEX 6800 freezer mill (SPEX CertiPrep, Metuchen, NJ) with the following settings: precooling time 10 min, cooling time 1 min, input frequency 15; 3 cycles of 3 min each.
These polymers belong to several classes: (1) sulfate esters of polysaccharides (dextrin and dextran sulfates [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] ; cellulose sulfate [ 12 13 14 15 ] ; sulfate esters of galactose + 3,6-anhydrogalactose copolymers {carrageenan; [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] }); (2) polymers containing sulfonated benzene or naphthalene rings {poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) [ 20 21 ] } and naphthalene sulfonate polymers {PRO2000 [ 22 23 24 ] }; and (3) polycarboxylates (acrylic acid polymers {Carbomer 974P; BufferGel [ 25 26 27 28 29 ] }); and acetyl phthaloyl cellulose {cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] }.
CAP treated HIV-1 IIIB and BaL viruses, unlike control viruses, bound to wells coated with antibodies against phthalate (Fig.
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