Words similar to pheromones
Example sentences for: pheromones
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Subsequent to early studies that established the pheromonal qualities of male urine to synchronize estrous cycles of laboratory mice [ 2 ] , sexual maturation in female mice was shown to be accelerated by male pheromones [ 3 ] and retarded by female pheromones [ 4 ] . Pheromonal induction of first estrus in juvenile females has been reported in a variety of other mammals including prairie voles [ 5 ] , pigs [ 6 ] , and opossums [ 7 ] .
The rate of reproductive development and the onset of fertility are influenced by an array of environmental factors that can be broadly grouped as physical, nutritional, and social [ 1 ] . Chief among social cues in mammals are priming pheromones that can retard or accelerate sexual development within constraints of factors such as photoperiod and nutritional status of the individual.
Alternatively, in addition to stimulating the HPG axis, male pheromones could act centrally to alter neuroendocrine control of growth and metabolism (e.g.
Incidental transfer of pheromones in male scentmarks to females was avoided by handling females and their cages prior to handling males or male cages.
An earlier study found that juvenile females isolated from all adult stimuli from 90 days of age grew to adult size (60 g) but failed to express first estrus by 180 days [ 7 ] . In contrast, all females exposed directly to male pheromones by cage switching reached first estrus at an average age of 127 days, and more than half of females individually caged (i.e.
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