Words similar to pellucida
Example sentences for: pellucida
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There is now compelling evidence demonstrating that CD9, a tetraspan membrane protein, is present on the oolemma and essential for sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing functional multimolecular complexes in the egg [ 7 ] . Glycosyl-phophatidyniositol (GPI)-anchored proteins have also been described on the oolemma and implicated in sperm-egg fusion; removal of GPI-anchored protein from the egg plasma membrane results in greatly reduced fertilization rates without affecting sperm-zona pellucida binding [ 8 ] . Other egg surface molecules are the adhesion molecules NCAM, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and ECAD [ 9 ] , and the selectins [ 10 ] . Additionally, the IgG receptor [ 11 ] , complement receptors C1q [ 12 ] , CD35 and CD11b, [ 13 ] and the Fc gamma receptors [ 14 ] exhibit oolemmal expression in a variety of mammalian species.
Sacco and Moghissi detected zona pellucida antibodies in both men and women by indirect immunofluorescence, but they used porcine rather than primate zonae pellicidae [ 27 ] . Normal animal and human serum are known to contain a wide range of low-titer autoantibodies that have been termed "natural autoantibodies" [ 28 ] . Even B cells from newborn mice and human cord blood produce these natural autoantibodies [ 29 30 31 ] . The low titer ovarian antibodies that we demonstrate here in the serum of normal women are likely natural autoantibodies, and not antibodies with any pathophysiologic significance.
When we tested the sera on three separate occasions with this method, we found 9 patient sera (35%) and 6 control sera (23%) to be consistently positive for zona pellucida antibody ( P = 0.38).
Positive was defined as the presence of homogeneous fluorescence on the zona pellucida above background and negative was defined as any fluorescence less than this.
Binding of antibody to the zona pellucida at a 1:10 dilution was reported by the laboratory on a scale of 0 to 3+ according to the intensity of fluorescence: 0, negative; 1+, weak; 2+ moderate or 3+ strong fluorescence (Figure 1).
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