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Example sentences for: opn
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High levels of OPN in breast tumor cell lines appear to correlate with a more aggressive in vivo phenotype [ 2 20 ] . Transfection of OPN expression constructs into cells producing noninvasive mammary epithelial tumors has been reported to convert them to a malignant phenotype [ 8 21 ] . Furthermore, transfection of antisense OPN constructs or OPN-targeting ribozymes into transformed tumorigenic cells can result in impaired anchorage-independent growth, as well as in diminished tumor-forming ability in vivo [ 22 23 ] . OPN is also typically overexpressed in human tumors, including breast cancer [ 15 24 ] . However, the source of OPN in primary breast tumors was originally thought to be infiltrating macrophages rather than tumor cells themselves [ 15 ] .
The expression of the proteins TSP-1 and TYRP-1 were found to correlate with the nonmetastatic phenotype, whereas OPN was significantly elevated in the metastatic counterpart.
These investigators also found that the presence of OPN on tumor cells is correlated with patient demise [ 25 ] .
These included the obvious - MCAM (melanoma cell adhesion molecule) - but also ATP1B2 (ATPase, Na +/K +transporting, beta 2 polypeptide, which is believed to function in neuron-astrocyte adhesion [ 29, 30]), THBS (thrombospondin, an adhesion molecule involved in blood clotting), OPN (osteopontin, which promotes osteoclast adhesion [ 31]) and OSF2 (osteoblast-specific factor 2, a human homolog of the insect protein fasciclin thought to have a role in bone adhesion [ 32]).
The aim of the present work was to examine the cellular distribution of OPN, of TSP-1 and of TYRP-1 in human breast tissue, and to determine whether the relative expression level of these three genes was associated with malignancy or breast tumor metastasis.
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