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Example sentences for: oogonia
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Critical windows of activity in the sheep include: somatic ovarian tissue differentiation (from the gonadal ridges of the mesonephros) and growth (up to Day 50 of gestation); germ (from yolk sac endoderm) and pregranulosa (derived from the ovarian surface epithelium) cellular migration into and colonization of the ovaries (Days 30-65); clonal expansion of oogonia (Days 35-75); onset of meiosis and arrest (by Day 80) at the dictyate stage of prophase (the first division of meiosis is not completed until ovulation); and ovigerous cord regression and primordial follicle emergence (Days 65-110) [ 1 31 32 33 ] . It seems apparent that germ cells are particularly vulnerable to a metabolic insult when in the phasic transition between mitosis and meiosis I.
, leakage of radicals associated with the reduction of oxygen to water during mitochondrial respiration) [ 34 ] . The etiological basis for the formation of abnormally high levels of 8-oxoguanine adducts in oogonia of lambs of undernourished ewes is unknown.
It has been suggested that oogonia which have matured to oocytes are less susceptible to degeneration as pregnancy advances [ 2 ] . A prominent role for the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (e.g.
In conclusion, we surmise that oxidative base damages to the DNA of fetal oogonia of pregnant animals faced with a nutritional adversity are a potential threat to the genetic character and reproductive capacity of their progeny; the predicament can evidently be reconciled by response mechanisms of cell-cycle arrest, survival, and repair.
In fact, the apoptotic demise (yielding double-stranded DNA breaks) of female germ cells throughout gestations of most vertebrates will encompass more than one-half of precursor populations [ 38 39 ] . Day 75 is the approximate time-point when a maximum number of oogonia is achieved in lambs; a nearly five-fold loss then occurs between Days 75 and 90 [ 40 ] . In some cases of nutritional deprivation cellular losses are accelerated [ 38 ] and reproductive performance of the female offspring during adulthood is attenuated [ 1 ] . Prenatal exposure to famine (1944-45 Dutch cohort) did not affect subsequent fertility of women [ 41 ] . Numbers of oogonia/oocytes and weights of mid-gestational fetal ovaries of sheep were increased [ 2 42 ] or not influenced by undernutrition [ [ 3 ] , present study].
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