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Example sentences for: om
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During this transition, tightly-regulated post-translational phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events and proteasome-mediated proteolytic reactions regulate the activation and inactivation of signal transduction pathways that control chromatin condensation, nuclear membrane dissolution, microtubule nucleation, and formation of a haploid oocyte [ 8 9 10 ] . Several kinases that exert major roles during OM include maturation promoting factor (MPF) [ 9 11 ] , mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) [ 12 13 ] , and the product of the c-mos protooncogene Mos kinase [ 14 15 ] . Also, during OM oocytes undergo two highly-regulated metaphase-anaphase transitions (MAT) in which homologous chromosomes are equally and randomly segregated to an oocyte and first polar body and a subsequent division in which equational division of sister chromatids results in a haploid oocyte and a second polar body.
MG-132 is a peptide aldehyde that inhibits ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis by binding to and inactivating 20S and 26S proteasomes [ 49 62 ] . Although 1-10 μM MG-132 inhibited first polar body extrusion in rat oocytes, its activity is reversible [ 42 ] . We conducted preliminary experiments to obtain a MG-132 dose range that would transiently perturb or inhibit OM during meiosis I while enabling oocytes to complete OM following washing out of the compound.
This transient arrest of proteasomal activity represents a perturbation during the normal temporal sequence of events during OM.
The small trail-side shrines in the high mountains, called chortens, are also Buddhist, and often surrounded by stones carved with the Om mani padme hum incantation — “Hail, jewel in the flower of the lotus.”
1A), the data indicated that MG-132 induced a dose-response perturbation or delay in the rate of OM and an increase of single, unpaired chromatids and hyperploidy in MII oocytes (Table I).
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