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Example sentences for: ntds

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There is other evidence to suggest that substances which alter the function of the GABAergic system may contribute to the formation of NTDs.
Alcohol has been associated with NTDs [ 11 ] and is known to enhance the functioning of GABA.
Preliminary reports have linked ligands active at the GABA receptor with SB or other NTDs, including benzodiazepines, alcohol, and zinc [ 7 8 9 10 11 ] . Preliminary work from this laboratory has shown the GABAa receptor agonist muscimol and the GABAb agonist baclofen produce both SB and the Arnold-Chiari malformation, commonly associated with SB [ 12 13 14 ] . VA appears to produce most of its anticonvulsant effects by increasing levels of GABA in the CNS, presumably by inhibiting the enzyme GABA-transaminase (GABA-T).
Further support for the contention that VA may produce NTDs by way of GABA activity include the following evidence.
Benzodiazepines (BDZs), which enhance the activity of the GABA receptor, also enhance the teratogenic effects of VA in humans [ 10 ] . Chlordiazepoxide, another BDZ, has been shown to produce NTDs in the hamster [ 11 ] .