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Example sentences for: ntds

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Preliminary reports have linked ligands active at the GABA receptor with SB or other NTDs, including benzodiazepines, alcohol, and zinc [ 7 8 9 10 11 ] . Preliminary work from this laboratory has shown the GABAa receptor agonist muscimol and the GABAb agonist baclofen produce both SB and the Arnold-Chiari malformation, commonly associated with SB [ 12 13 14 ] . VA appears to produce most of its anticonvulsant effects by increasing levels of GABA in the CNS, presumably by inhibiting the enzyme GABA-transaminase (GABA-T).
Further support for the contention that VA may produce NTDs by way of GABA activity include the following evidence.
Alcohol has been associated with NTDs [ 11 ] and is known to enhance the functioning of GABA.
NTDs are second only to congenital heart defects as a cause of perinatal mortality due to birth defect and range in incidence from 0.5 to 12 per 1000 live births, depending on the country, accounting for 400,000 births world-wide annually.
Drug models of NTDs are valued because the drug's action provides a possible explanation of the pathophysiology of NTDs.