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Newkirk et al . also observed that the frequency of autoantibodies to each of the antigens occurred more frequently among CMV seropositive subjects than among CMV seronegative subjects [ 14 ] . For CMV seropositive subjects, they observed that 42 (84%) subjects had antibodies to RNP, 32 (64%) had antibodies to Sm, and 23 (46%) had antibodies to U1-70 kD [ 14 ] . If Newkirk et al . used a negative/positive cutoff value of the mean plus three standard deviations then, overall, less than 10% of their sera contained autoantibodies.
Patients with autoimmune disease have predominantly IgG antibodies to Sm and to RNP, and to a lesser extent IgM antibodies, whereas patients with inactive autoimmune disease are most likely to have IgM antibodies to these antigens [ 28 29 ] . Both the present study and that of Newkirk et al . measured IgG antibodies to these nuclear antigens.
It is also possible that the mice Newkirk and coworkers used were genetically primed to produce autoantibodies in response to this antigen.
In another study, Newkirk and coworkers also observed that a recombinant gB vaccine, which expressed the gB protein of the Towne vaccine, induced antibodies to CMV gB when administered to mice, suggesting that CMV gB induces antibodies crossreactive to U1-70 kD [ 13 ] . If this is the case, it predicts a correlation between levels of antibodies to gB and U1-70 kD in sera.
To detect antibodies to U1-70 kD, Newkirk et al . used only an EIA assay.
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