Words similar to neuritic
Example sentences for: neuritic
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The available research regarding cognitive function and phytoestrogens suggests that large amounts of phytoestrogens, consumed as tofu, have an adverse influence on cognitive ability in men, where decreased brain weight, increased ventricular size and dementia have been reported [ 44 ] . In ovariectomized female rats, on the other hand, phytoestrogen treatments resulted in a dose-dependent improvement of VSM [ 45 ] . This improvement in cognitive ability in phytoestrogen treated females may be due in part to the increased presence of choline acetyltransferase messenger RNA in the frontal cortex, which has been shown to be associated with protection and enhancement of cognitive function [ 45 ] . Furthermore, we have shown that phytoestrogens significantly affect the brain calcium-binding protein calbindin (CALB), which acts as a buffer by binding intracellular calcium and plays an important role in mediating cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), and neurotoxicity [ 48 49 50 51 52 ] . This neuroprotective mechanism via CALB appears to be important in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease [ 48 49 50 51 52 ] . Additionally, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) seems to play an important role in mediating functional neuronal maturation and responses to certain stimuli in the brain [ 53 54 55 ] . The expression of COX-2 is associated with key pathophysiologic events in Alzheimer's disease: deposition of beta-amyloid protein in neuritic plaques within the hippocampus and cortex [ 53 54 55 ] . Of particular importance to this study is the fact that COX-2 has been shown to be influenced by steroidal hormones [ 53 54 55 ] . Therefore, the expression of COX-2 in the frontal cortex may also be hormonally regulated and relevant to cognitive decline.
SH-SY5Y cells are a subclone of the SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cell line derived from neoplastic neural crest cells and under certain growth conditions, generate neuritic processes [ 12 13 ] . Sternberger and Sternberger [ 14 ] describe SMI-31 mAB as specific for phosphorylated epitopes on the heavy neurofilaments peptide (NF-H) and to a lesser extent medium neurofilament peptide (NF-M).
Indeed, the typical changes are not observed by EM (Higgins, Kong and Xu, unpublished observation; also see [ 74 75 ] ), but widespread caspase activation is detected in spinal cords [ 75 76 77 ] , suggesting the occurrence of a neuritic death program [ 78 ] .
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