Words similar to nef
Example sentences for: nef
How can you use “nef” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
The following results of this study suggest that HIV-1 expression leads to cyclin D 1 -mediated G 1 → S progression in infected podocytes: cyclin D 1 transcript and protein levels are markedly up-regulated, phospho-Rb (Ser780) levels are increased, cyclin D 1 protein and phospho-Rb (Ser780) levels do not decrease with podocyte cell-cell contact and differentiation, and the up-regulation of cyclin D 1 requires the expression of HIV-1 genes, particularly HIV-1 nef.
[ 11 12 13 14 ] . Kidney transplants between normal and transgenic Tg26 siblings suggested that specific HIV-1 proteins within the kidney, and not circulating factors, transform infected renal epithelium [ 13 ] . Indeed, HIV-1 transgenic mice generated with an HIV-1 proviral construct mutated in the Nef "PXXP" SH3-binding motif for Src-family kinases failed to develop nephropathy [ 31 ] , and a recent in vitro analysis of podocytes infected with single gene mutants of HIV-1 further suggest that Nef plays a central role in causing the proliferative phenotype in HIVAN [ 8 ] . Utilizing these same single gene mutant viruses, we showed here that Nef appears to be play a role in the up-regulation of cyclin D 1 by HIV-1 in vitro . Importantly, these single gene mutants do not exclude the possibility that other HIV-1 gene(s) may cooperate with nef to induce cyclin D1, particularly
Taken together, these data indicate that induction of cyclin D 1 expression requires HIV-1 gene expression and that HIV-1 nef is important for this induction.
10) have various expression levels of doubly spliced viral mRNAs, including Tat, Rev, Nef, Vpr, and other accessory proteins, we decided to perform the microarray in a system where Tat was constitutively expressed; asking whether Tat by itself, or in the absence of other accessory proteins, could still down-regulate host cellular genes.
For instance, HIV-1 infection is able to down-regulate major histocompatibility complex type I (MHC-I) by various different viral proteins, including Tat which represses the transcription of MHC-I, Vpu which retains nascent MHC-I chains in the endoplasmic reticulum, and Nef which can mediate selective internalization of MHC-I molecules from the plasma membrane.
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