Words similar to naphthalene
Example sentences for: naphthalene
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In repeated experiments with HIV-1 IIIB, soluble and micronized CAP, cellulose sulfate, poly(naphthalene sulfonate), poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) and BufferGel, respectively, caused a ≥ 140-fold reduction in infectivity, while dextran sulfate, carrageenan and Carbomer 974P (pH 7), respectively, were less effective (4- to 25-fold reduction in infectivity).
They include: dextran sulfate [ 34 35 ] , carrageenans [ 35 36 ] , dextrin-2-sulfate [ 37 38 ] , cellulose sulfate [ 39 ] and naphthalene sulfonate polymer (PRO 2000; [ 40 ] ). Except for dextrin-2-sulfate and PRO 2000, which appear to have anti-HIV-1 inhibitory activities similar to that of CAP, the other sulfonated polymers are less inhibitory [ 34 35 41 ] . HIV-1 may develop resistance to the inhibitory effect of dextran sulfate and R5 viruses were reported not to be inhibited by this polymer [ 42 43 ] . Dextran sulfate was shown to bind to gp120 and to interfere with gp120/CXCR4 interactions but it did not bind to gp120 of R5 viruses [ 43 ] .
500,000; Pharmacia, Kalamazoo, MI); poly(naphthalene sulfonate) (BASF, Parsippany, NJ); poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA); and Carbomer 974P (B.
They include: (1) sulfate esters of polysaccharides {carrageenan [ 1 16 17 18 19 ] , cellulose sulfate [ 12 13 14 15 ] , and dextran or dextrin sulfate [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ] }; (2) aryl sulfonates {poly(naphthalene sulfonate) [ 22 23 24 ] and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) [ 20 21 ] }; and (3) aliphatic {Carbomer 974P/BufferGel [ 25 26 27 28 29 ] } and aromatic carboxylates {CAP [ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ] }. The anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers are expected to depend on their complexation with virus proteins which is likely to occur mainly through the formation of salt linkages or ion pairs between oppositely charged groups on the polymers and virus proteins, respectively [ 56 ] . However, the anti-HIV-1 properties of these polymers may depend not only on their charge density, but also on the characteristics of their uncharged portions, which may be involved in hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions which can elicit profound conformational changes in hydrophobic regions of proteins and cause disassembly of complex proteins consisting of subunits [ 57 ] . For these reasons it is not be expected that all anionic polymers, considered as anti-HIV-1 microbicides, would have similar biological activities.
On the other hand, gp41 six-helix bundle formation in HIV-1 BaL was detectable only for CAP and poly(naphthalene sulfonate) treated virus (Fig.
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