Words similar to monovalent
Example sentences for: monovalent
How can you use “monovalent” in a sentence? Here are some example sentences to help you improve your vocabulary:
There are two homologous type IA topoisomerases present in E. coli . Topoisomerase III has potent DNA decatenating activity for resolution of plasmid DNA replication intermediates, but much weaker relaxation activity than topoisomerase I [ 17 ] . To exhibit maximal relaxation activity, topoisomerase III requires high temperature (52°C) along with low magnesium and monovalent ion [ 17 18 ] . In contrast, E. coli topoisomerase I was not active in the in vitro assay for resolution of plasmid DNA replication intermediates [ 19 ] . Removal of the C-terminal 49 amino acids from the 653 amino acid topoisomerase III protein resulted in drastic reduction of catalytic activity [ 20 ] . Fusion of the carboxyl-terminal 312 amino acid residues of E. coli topoisomerase I, which includes the entire ZD domain, onto the 605 N-terminal amino acids of topoisomerase III generated a hybrid topoisomerase that has relaxation activity resembling topoisomerase III along with weak decatenating activity [ 21 ] . Although preferring single-stranded DNA as binding substrate, topoisomerase I had been shown to also bind double-stranded DNA [ 22 ] , but there is no data available to indicate which domain in the enzyme is responsible for this interaction.
Numerous factors determine the effect of mismatches, including: the length of the oligonucleotide, the nature and position of the mismatches, the temperature of hybridization, the presence of co-solvents and the concentrations of oligonucleotides, as well as monovalent and divalent cations [ 6 ] .
The serine substrate-binding region is highly conserved, as is a monovalent cation (MVC) binding region [ 7] coordinating with G232, F/Y306, and G/A/S308.
This is consistent with the idea that ATP, a strongly charged anion, would be excluded from a pore selective for monovalent cations [ 7 18 ] .
The predicted topological organization consists of six transmembrane domains with a hydrophobic loop between the fifth and sixth domain which lines the ion conducting pore [ 17 ] . VR1 has been expressed heterologously in several cell lines and has intrinsic sensitivity to thermal stimuli and to capsaicin (a pungent extract of the Capsicum pepper family) [ 18 ] . VR1 does not discriminate among monovalent cations [ 19 ] ; however, it exhibits a notable preference for divalent cations with a permeability sequence of Ca 2+> Mg 2+> Na +≈ K +≈ Cs + [ 9 ] . Ca 2+is especially important to VR1 function, as extracellular Ca 2+mediates desensitization [ 20 21 ] , a process which enables a neuron to adapt to specific stimuli by diminishing its overall response to a particular chemical or physical signal.
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